Table 1.

Short description of muscle action in specific gait phases (15).

Gait Phases	Muscular actions	Activated muscles
A. Stance Phase
1. Initial contact	Ankle dorsiflexion Hip extension Knee flexion	Tibialis anterior Gluteus maximus Hamstrings
2. Loading response	Knee extension Hip abduction Ankle plantar flexion	Quadriceps Gluteus medius Gastrocnemian
3. Mid stance	Ankle plantar flexion (isometric)	Gastrosoleus
4. Terminal stance	Ankle plantar flexion (concentric)	Gastrosoleus
B. Swing phase
1. Pre swing	Hip flexion	Iliopsoas Rectus femoris
2. Initial swing	Ankle dorsiflexion Hip flexion	Tibialis anterior Iliopsoas Rectus femoris
3. Mid swing	Ankle dorsiflexion	Tibialis anterior
4. Terminal swing	Knee flexion Hip extension Ankle dorsiflexion Knee extension	Hamstrings Gluteus maximus Tibialis anterior Quadriceps