Table 2.
Biochemical and Nutritional Characteristics of Study Participants According to the Presence of Sarcopenia
| Characteristics | Sarcopenia | No Sarcopenia | p* | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Low Muscle Mass | Normal Muscle Mass | All | p | |||
| N | 55 | 110 | 373 | 483 | ||
| Albumin (g/dL) | 4.09 ± 0.36 | 4.14 ± 0.34 | 4.25 ± 0.34 | 4.23 ± 0.34 | .005 | .580 |
| Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 13.00 ± 1.52 | 13.98 ± 1.35 | 14.21 ± 1.34 | 14.15 ± 1.34 | <.001 | <.001 |
| Bioavailable testosterone (ng/dL), median (IQR) | 7.8 (5.3–44.9) | 15.3 (6.1–89.8) | 33.7 (9.47–115.5) | 25.5 (8.6–111.4) | .004 | .188 |
| IGF-I (ng/mL) | 89.6 ± 47.1 | 109.9 ± 51.6 | 124.4 ± 58.4 | 121.0 ± 57.2 | <.001 | .060 |
| Vitamin D (nmol/L), median (IQR) | 38.7 (30.2–66.4) | 46.7 (34.7–77.6) | 58.9 (41.9–87.6) | 55.4 (40.2–86.1) | .297 | .930† |
| Creatinine clearance (mL/min) | 51.16 ± 19.69 | 62.69 ± 16.38 | 70.48 ± 18.64 | 68.68 ± 18.42 | <.001 | .089 |
| Inflammatory markers | ||||||
| IL-6 (log-pg/mL), median (IQR) | 1.31 (0.85–1.88) | 1.04 (0.61–1.60) | 1.09 (0.71–1.54) | 1.06 (0.70–1.54) | .003 | .941 |
| CRP (log-mg/dL), median (IQR) | 1.13 (0.58–1.74) | 0.77 (0.13–1.70) | 0.87 (0.20–1.54) | 0.83 (0.19–1.54) | .173 | .661 |
| TNF-α (log-pg/mL), median (IQR) | 1.72 (1.33–1.94) | 1.44 (1.04–1.69) | 1.37 (0.94–1.71) | 1.38 (0.97–1.70) | .003 | .252 |
| Nutritional status | ||||||
| Caloric intake (kcal/d/kg) | 29.90 ± 9.13 | 32.20 ± 8.69 | 29.18 ± 8.62 | 29.88 ± 8.72 | .988 | .776 |
| Alcohol intake (%) | .043 | .332 | ||||
| 0–20 (g/d) | 88.24 | 78.50 | 74.72 | 75.60 | ||
| >20 (g/d) | 11.76 | 21.50 | 25.28 | 24.40 | ||
| Protein intake (g/d/kg) | 1.15 ± 0.33 | 1.24 ± 0.35 | 1.12 ± 0.32 | 1.15 ± 0.33 | .982 | .776 |
| Vitamin D intake (mcg/d) | 1.55 ± 0.82 | 1.67 ± 0.76 | 1.75 ± 0.76 | 1.73 ± 0.76 | .118 | .612 |
Notes: p values are for analysis of variance or Mantel–Haenszel test comparing all the samples. Data are means ± SD unless otherwise indicated. CRP = C-reactive protein; IGF-I = insulin-like growth factor I; IL-6 = interleukin-6; IQR = interquartile range; TNF-α = tumor necrosis factor-α.
*Adjusted for age and sex.
†Adjusted for age, sex, and season.