Table 1.

Weighted Sample Characteristics (N = 5,131)

Measurement	Mean or proportion	Standard deviation
Age in 1996 (years)	63.36	9.00
Sex (0 = male; 1 = female)	0.47	0.50
Years of education	4.85	4.53
Mainlander status (0 = other; 1 = mainlander)	0.13	0.33
Marital status in 1996 (0 = not married; 1 = married)	0.75	0.43
Rural/urban residence in 1996 (0 = rural; 1 = urban)	0.66	0.47
Proportion of survey waves answered by proxy	0.08	0.22