FIG. 4.

Effects of MHS on the release of angiogenic and osteogenic factors in mono- and co-culture systems at the protein level by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The concentrations of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) (A), angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1) (B), and Ang-2 (C) in the supernatants of co-cultures consisting of pOBs and OECs were measured by ELISA after 1 and 2 weeks of cultivation and stimulation at 41°C for 1 h (twice a week) compared with untreated control co-cultures. Results are represented as absolute values (left) and are additionally shown as ratio in percent (control=100%) (right). (*p<0.05) n=4.