Figure 4.

Neural correlates of reliability-based arbitration. (A) (Top) Bilateral Inferior lateral prefrontal cortex encodes reliability signals for the model-based (Rel_MB) and the model-free (Rel_MF) systems individually. The two reliabilities are, by and large, not highly correlated (mean:−0.26, standard deviation: 0.106), suggesting that our task successfully dissociates the model-based from the model-free. Effects significant at p<0.05 (FWE corrected) are shown in yellow. (Bottom) A region of rostral anterior cingulate cortex (rACC) was found to encode the difference in reliability between the model-based and model-free systems (Rel_MB-Rel_MF), while an area of bilateral ilPFC and right FPC was correlated with the reliability of whichever system had the highest reliability index on each trial (max(Rel_MB, Rel_MF)). (B) The mean percent signal change for a parametric modulator encoding a max and difference reliability signal in lateral prefrontal cortex (lPFC) and rostral anterior cingulate cortex (rACC). The signal has been split into two equal sized bins according to the 50^th and 100^th percentile. The error bars are S.E.M. across subjects.

See also Figure S3 and Table S3.