TABLE 3—
Bivariate and Multivariate Negative Binomial Regression Model for Current Substance Dependence and Other Variables Associated with Residential Stability at 12 Months: The Vancouver At Home Study, Vancouver, British Columbia, 2009–2011
| Variable | Unadjusted IRR (95% CI) | Adjusted IRR (95% CI) |
| Substance dependence at baseline | 1.01 (0.74, 1.38) | 0.97 (0.69, 1.35) |
| HF intervention vs TAU | 3.69 (2.75, 4.96) | 4.05 (2.95, 5.56) |
| Age at enrollment, per y | 1.00 (0.99, 1.01) | 1.00 (0.98, 1.01) |
| Male gender | 1.05 (0.75, 1.47) | 0.90 (0.62, 1.28) |
| Ethnicity | ||
| Aboriginal | 1.03 (0.63, 1.67) | 0.82 (0.49, 1.38) |
| Caucasian | 1.17 (0.82, 1.66) | 0.92 (0.64, 1.32) |
| Mixed/other (ref) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Incomplete high school | 1.02 (0.75, 1.40) | 0.98 (0.71, 1.34) |
| Single/never married | 0.90 (0.64, 1.26) | 0.82 (0.58, 1.17) |
| Employment | ||
| Unemployed (ref) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Employed | 1.19 (0.52, 2.73) | 1.04 (0.43, 2.50) |
| Othera | 1.03 (0.47, 2.26) | 1.07 (0.50, 2.26) |
| Mental disorder | ||
| Less severe cluster | 0.98 (0.72, 1.34) | 0.91 (0.63, 1.30) |
| Severe cluster | 1.08 (0.77, 1.53) | 1.04 (0.72, 1.49) |
| Chronic health conditions | ||
| None (ref) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 1 | 1.20 (0.60, 2.42) | 1.39 (0.69, 2.79) |
| 2 | 0.97 (0.49, 1.91) | 0.84 (0.42, 1.65) |
| ≥ 3 | 0.92 (0.54, 1.58) | 0.87 (0.50. 1.52) |
| Colorado Symptom Index, per point | 1.00 (0.99, 1.01) | 1.01 (0.99, 1.02) |
| Lifetime duration of homelessness, per y | 1.00 (0.98, 1.03) | 1.01 (0.99, 1.02) |
Note. CI = confidence interval; HF = Housing First; IRR = incidence risk ratio; TAU = treatment as usual.
a
Defined as nontraditional employment or employment in the underground economy.