TABLE 2—
Rates of Health Care Utilization and Risk Ratios Between Homeless Participants and Age- and Gender-Matched Low-Income Control Individuals by Type of Health Care and Demographic Group: Toronto, Ontario, 2005–2009
| Type of Health Care | Homeless Participants, Mean (SD) per Person-Year | Matched Controls, Mean (SD) per Person-Year | RR (95% CI) |
| Ambulatory care | |||
| Single men | 8.18 (12.40) | 4.64 (6.98) | 1.72 (1.45, 2.04) |
| Single women | 10.54 (13.18) | 5.66 (6.39) | 1.85 (1.53, 2.22) |
| Adults with families | 9.47 (11.76) | 5.34 (5.12) | 1.74 (1.45, 2.09) |
| Total | 9.09 (12.48) | 5.07 (6.44) | 1.76 (1.58, 1.96) |
| Emergency department | |||
| Single men | 2.20 (4.50) | 0.23 (0.73) | 9.19 (6.62, 12.75) |
| Single women | 2.67 (7.35) | 0.20 (0.42) | 13.31 (8.94, 19.81) |
| Adults with families | 0.95 (2.86) | 0.27 (0.82) | 3.46 (2.13, 5.60) |
| Total | 2.02 (5.12) | 0.23 (0.69) | 8.48 (6.72, 10.70) |
| Medical–surgical hospitalizationsa | |||
| Single men | 0.22 (0.96) | 0.03 (0.14) | 5.39 (3.33, 8.75) |
| Single women | 0.18 (0.75) | 0.04 (0.18) | 4.80 (2.43, 9.49) |
| Adults with families | 0.06 (0.23) | 0.04 (0.16) | 1.77 (0.91, 3.43) |
| Total | 0.17 (0.79) | 0.03 (0.16) | 4.22 (2.99, 5.94) |
| Psychiatric hospitalizations | |||
| Single men | 0.09 (0.41) | 0.01 (0.14) | 6.51 (2.42, 17.50) |
| Single women | 0.13 (0.44) | 0.00 (0.02) | 76.72 (18.11, 324.92) |
| Adults with families | 0.03 (0.22) | 0.01 (0.05) | 3.58 (1.21, 10.61) |
| Total | 0.09 (0.38) | 0.1 (1.0) | 9.27 (4.42, 19.43) |
Note. CI = confidence interval; RR = rate ratio.
a
Refers to hospitalization admissions to nonpsychiatric acute-care beds.