TABLE 4—
Odds Ratios (ORs) and 95% Confidence Intervals (CIs) for Predictors of Psychiatric Hospitalization: Toronto, Ontario, 2005–2009
| Univariate Model |
Multivariate Model |
|||
| Characteristic | OR (95% CI) | P | AOR (95% CI) | P |
| Need factors | ||||
| Demographic group | ||||
| Single adult men (Ref) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Single adult women | 1.57 (1.07, 2.32) | .023 | 1.49 (0.99, 2.26) | .059 |
| Family adult | 0.33 (0.18, 0.62) | < .001 | 0.36 (0.18, 0.69) | .002 |
| Age, y | 1.00 (0.98, 1.01) | .601 | ||
| Lifetime duration of homelessness, y | ||||
| < 2 (Ref) | 1.00 | |||
| ≥ 2 | 1.51 (1.05, 2.18) | .026 | ||
| Race/ethnicity | ||||
| White (Ref) | 1.00 | |||
| Black | 0.99 (0.63, 1.54) | .948 | ||
| Aboriginal | 1.08 (0.56, 2.07) | .819 | ||
| Other visible minorities | 0.85 (0.48, 1.49) | .562 | ||
| Place of birth | ||||
| Outside Canada (Ref) | 1.00 | |||
| Canada | 1.25 (0.83, 1.86) | .283 | ||
| Highest level of education | ||||
| ≤ some high school (Ref) | 1.00 | |||
| High school diploma or equivalent | 0.80 (0.50, 1.30) | .369 | ||
| ≥ college/vocational training | 0.91 (0.60, 1.39) | .671 | ||
| History of traumatic brain injury | 0.99 (0.69, 1.42) | .957 | ||
| Physical assault in past 12 mo | 0.87 (0.58, 1.31) | .5 | ||
| Sexual assault in past 12 mo | 1.89 (0.98, 3.65) | .057 | ||
| Current smoker | 2.01 (1.27, 3.19) | .003 | 1.78 (1.08, 2.95) | .025 |
| Alcohol problem in past 30 da | 0.88 (0.59, 1.32) | .545 | ||
| Drug problem in past 30 da | 1.16 (0.81, 1.68) | .417 | ||
| Mental health problem in past 30 da | 3.10 (2.14, 4.49) | < .001 | 2.74 (1.86, 4.03) | < .001 |
| Propensity to underseek care score | ||||
| 0 (Ref) | 1.00 | |||
| 1 | 1.55 (0.98, 2.43) | .06 | ||
| ≥ 2 | 1.57 (1.02, 2.41) | .039 | ||
| Enabling factors | ||||
| Monthly income, Can $ | ||||
| < 500 (Ref) | 1.00 | |||
| 500–999 | 1.43 (0.95, 2.14) | .088 | ||
| ≥ 1000 | 0.82 (0.50, 1.35) | .433 | ||
| Has a primary care provider | 1.42 (0.91, 2.21) | .125 | ||
| Unmet need for health care | 1.05 (0.65, 1.70) | .832 | ||
| Unmet need for mental health care | 2.67 (1.67, 4.26) | < .001 | ||
| Competing priorities | 1.52 (0.75, 3.06) | .245 | ||
| MHLC internal control subscale score | 0.95 (0.92, 0.98) | .002 | 0.95 (0.92, 0.98) | .003 |
| MHLC external control from chance subscale score | 1.00 (0.98, 1.03) | .753 | ||
| MHLC external control from powerful others subscale score | 1.02 (1.00, 1.05) | .107 | ||
| Social support—loan | 0.65 (0.43, 0.98) | .039 | ||
| Social support—ride to appointment | 0.54 (0.36, 0.81) | .003 | ||
| Social support—suicide | 0.42 (0.28, 0.64) | < .001 | ||
| Need factors | ||||
| PCS-12 score | 0.98 (0.97, 1.00) | .012 | ||
| MCS-12 score | 0.98 (0.97, 1.00) | .018 | ||
| No. of chronic health conditionsb | ||||
| None (Ref) | 1.00 | |||
| 1 | 1.01 (0.63, 1.60) | .975 | ||
| 2 | 1.21 (0.73, 2.03) | .459 | ||
| ≥ 3 | 1.57 (0.94, 2.63) | .083 | ||
Note. AOR = adjusted odds ratio; MCS = Mental Component Summary; MHLC = Multidimensional Health Locus of Control; PCS = Physical Component Summary.
a
Alcohol, drug, and mental health problems in the past 30 days were assessed using the Addiction Severity Index.19,20
b
Chronic health conditions include diabetes, anemia, hypertension, heart disease and stroke, liver problems (including chronic viral hepatitis), arthritis or joint problems, cancer, physical handicaps, or HIV/AIDS.