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. 2014 Apr 11;25(6):367–372. doi: 10.1097/WNR.0000000000000092

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© 2014 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

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Fig. 1 — Survival, differentiation, and sustained GDNF expression following long-term transplants of hNPCs. (a, b) Immunocytochemistry following in vitro differentiation shows hNPC^GDNF (a) and control hNPCs (b) express the astrocyte marker GFAP (red) but only hNPCs^GDNF express GDNF (green). (c, d) High magnification image of cells expressing Ku80 (green) and Ki67 (red) at 1 month (c) and 7.5 months (d) after transplantation. (e, j) Low magnification image of human cytoplasmic marker (SC121, red) and the motor neuron marker (ChAT, green) showing appropriate targeting of the transplanted cells to the ventral horn at 1 month (e) and 7.5 months (j) after transplantation. (f, k) Low and (g, l) high magnification images of cells expressing human-specific nestin (red) and human-specific GFAP (green) at 1 month (f, g) and 7.5 months (k, l) after transplantation. Note the increased GFAP expression and changes in morphology at 7.5 months. (h, i and m, n) GDNF expression is observed ipsilateral (h, m) but not contralateral (i, n) to the transplant at 1 month (h, i) and 7.5 months (m, n) after transplantation. Note the appearance of large cells stained for GDNF, which is presumably host motor neurons taking up GDNF secreted by the transplanted cells. (o, p) Stereological quantification of cells expressing Ku80 revealed a significant decrease in the number of grafted cells (o) and in cell density (p) at 1 month compared with 7.5 months after transplantation. (q) No significant difference in cell proliferation was observed at 1 month compared with 7.5 months after transplantation. (r–t) Quantification of cells expressing nestin and GFAP showed no difference in nestin expression (r, s) but a significant increase in GFAP-expressing cells at 7.5 months compared with 1 month after transplantation (t). Scale bars: (a)–(d), (g), (l), 10 μm; (e) and (f), (j) and (k), 75 μm; (h), (i), (m), (n), 100 μm. ChAT, choline acetyltransferase; GDNF, glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor; GFAP, glial fibrillary acidic protein; hNPCs, human neural progenitor cells. *P<0.05.