Table 3.
Three group comparisons across the IQ, achievement, and neurocognitive measures controlling for the presence of ADHD Combined Type and Conduct Disorder.
| Variable | Healthy Adolescents Control Group (1) |
Controls with Comorbid Psychopathology (2) |
CUD in Remission Group (3) |
F-Value | p-Value | Group ComparisonsA |
Partial Eta Squared |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IQ score | 111.72 (9.71) | 106.76 (12.47) | 107.66 (11.51) | F(2,108)=2.12 | .125 | -- | .038 |
| Achievement | F(16,202)=2.18 | .007 | -- | .147 | |||
| WJ-III Reading | 117.07 (15.98) | 109.09 (12.77) | 106.13 (14.41) | F(2,108)=4.96** | .009 | 2,3<1 | .084 |
| WJ-III Letter-Word | 107.33 (10.95) | 105.48 (9.79) | 102.13 (11.87) | F(2,108)=0.72 | .489 | -- | -- |
| WJ-III Reading Fluency |
119.23 (19.27) | 110.03 (15.02) | 106.09 (15.18) | F(2,108)=5.88** | .004 | 2,3<1 | .098 |
| WJ-III Passage Comprehension |
110.14 (11.49) | 103.52 (11.51) | 104.34 (11.09) | F(2,108)=3.44* | .036 | 2<1 | .060 |
| WJ-III Mathematics | 108.77 (13.85) | 100.21 (15.73) | 95.56 (12.07) | F(2,108)=5.62** | .005 | 2,3<1 | .094 |
| WJ-III Calculation | 108.63 (14.94) | 99.97 (17.36) | 93.97 (13.89) | F(2,108)=5.78** | .004 | 2,3<1 | .097 |
| WJ-III Math Fluency |
102.86 (10.83) | 95.52 (16.92) | 93.00 (12.42) | F(2,108)=4.35* | .015 | 2,3<1 | .075 |
| WJ-III Applied Prob | 107.63 (12.80) | 101.09 (12.97) | 98.25 (9.72) | F(2,108)=3.61* | .03 | 2,3<1 | .063 |
| Attention | F(6,212)=1.28 | .27 | -- | .035 | |||
| CPT-II Errors of Omission |
53.20 (4.89) | 51.90 (5.34) | 50.88 (8.20) | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| CPT-II Variability | 55.69 (8.57) | 49.74 (10.85) | 47.52 (13.64) | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| CPT-II Errors of Commission |
51.55 (8.71) | 49.87 (11.19) | 52.20 (8.35) | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Memory | F(18,176)=0.61 | .89 | -- | .058 | |||
| WRAML-2 Verbal Memory |
109.10 (12.22) | 105.84 (16.99) | 104.35 (11.30) | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| CVLT List A Total | 50.64 (9.86) | 50.00 (11.04) | 50.38 (7.19) | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| WRAML-2 Verbal Recognition |
106.13 (13.45) | 103.39 (16.52) | 102.88 (12.72) | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| CVLT Short-Delay Free Recall |
49.10 (9.17) | 46.61 (13.50) | 51.35 (7.69) | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| CVLT Long-Delay Free Recall |
50.90 (8.26) | 49.03 (10.99) | 51.15 (9.41) | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| WRAML-2 Visual Memory |
101.38 (10.02) | 98.06 (13.41) | 100.69 (11.74) | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| WRAML-2 Visual Recognition |
102.56 (15.64) | 96.71 (14.87) | 99.54 (15.50) | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Delay |
93.65 (16.02) | 92.91 (14.27) | 94.98 (17.82) | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| CVLT Learning Slope |
45.90 (12.61) | 47.74 (9.99) | 50.19 (12.45) | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Executive | F(20,148)=1.12 | .33 | -- | .13 | |||
| DKEFS Tower Total Achievement |
10.50 (2.26) | 10.30 (2.02) | 9.58 (1.89) | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| DKEFS Tower Mean First-Move Time |
11.11 (2.06) | 10.70 (1.88) | 10.74 (3.16) | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| WCST % Conceptual Level Responses |
112.47 (15.04) | 108.41 (13.82) | 113.11 (9.69) | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| CVLT Perseverations |
47.50 (9.71) | 47.96 (8.58) | 48.42 (8.67) | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| WCST Perseverative Reponses |
115.37 (14.39) | 111.15 (14.64) | 117.53 (14.80) | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| DKEFS Trail- Making Condition 4 |
10.29 (1.92) | 8.48 (2.99) | 9.42 (1.80) | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| DKEFS Color- Word Interference- Inhibition/Switching |
11.03 (1.99) | 8.81 (2.94) | 9.68 (1.63) | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| CPT-II Hit Reaction Time |
51.87 (8.94) | 50.00 (10.60) | 51.42 (9.36) | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| CVLT Intrusions | 50.66 (8.56) | 48.33 (5.19) | 50.26 (6.34) | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| WJ-III Auditory Working Memory |
107.95 (10.68) | 105.07 (17.16) | 104.11 (13.63) | -- | -- | -- | -- |
*
p < .05;
**
p < .01;
***
p < .001;
A
Post-hoc LS Means Differences Tukey-Kramer HSD all pairwise comparison, p<.05