Table 2.
Preference for drugs of abuse following stress during adolescence
| Species Strain | Sex | Age and Stress | Age and Conditioning | Outcome | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Amphetamine
| |||||
| Rats L.E. | M F | P35-45 social isolation 1 h 1x/d & rehoused with new cagemate | P52 or P76 test, conditioned with Amph (0.5 or 1.0 mg/kg, ip) | ↑ trend (P=0.05) Amph CPP in P52 females at 1.0 mg/kg only, not males and not at P76 | Mathews et al. 2008 |
| Rats S.D. | M | Social defeat, 1x/d for 5 d 10 0.5 mA foot-shock 1x/d for 5 d | P70 test, conditioned with Amph (1.0 mg/kg, ip) | ↑ preference for Amph-paired cues after defeat, not foot-shock | Burke et al. 2011 |
| Rats S.D. | M | P35 one episode of restraint 1x 2 h | P98 test, conditioned with Amph (0.5 or 2.0 mg/kg, sc) | ↓ preference for 0.5 mg/kg Amph after stress, ø 2.0 mg/kg preference after stress | Richtand et al. 2012 |
|
Cocaine
| |||||
| Mice OF1 | M F | P21-35 or P60-73 crowded housing condition (8 mice per cage) for 15 days prior to and during cocaine training (social isolation - additional variable) | P36 or P74 test, conditioned with cocaine (50, 12.5, 3.125 mg/kg ip) | ø cocaine (25 mg/kg, ip) primed reinstatement after 50 mg/kg training after adolescent stress, but in controls and stressed adults cocaine (25, 12.5, and 6.25 mg/kg ip) primed reinstatement was found | Ribiero Do Couto et al. 2009 |
| Rats Lewis | M F | P42-93 forced wheel running, 60 mins/d 5 d/week | P93 test, conditioned with cocaine (25 mg/kg, ip) | ↓ preference for cocaine after forced exercise in M & F | Thanos et al. 2010 |
|
Nicotine
| |||||
| Rats S.D. | M | P28 intermittent 10 0.8 mA foot-shocks in one episode | P31 test, conditioned with nicotine (0.2, 0.4, 0.6 mg/kg, sc) | ↑ preference for 0.2 and 0.4 mg/kg nicotine after stress | Brielmaier et al. 2012 |
|
Ethanol
| |||||
| Mice Kunming | M | P28 or P28-34 versus P56 or P56-62 20 0.6 mA foot-shock for 1 (acute) or 7 (chronic) d | P29 or P35 versus P57 or P63 test, conditioned with ethanol (1.0 or 2.0 g/kg, ip) | ↑ preference for 2.0 g/kg ethanol after chronic, not acute, adolescent stress, ø ethanol CPP in stressed adults. | Song et al. 2007 |
| Rats S.D. | M | P29-33 restraint for 90 mins 1x/d for 5 d | P35 or P75 ethanol (1.0 mg/kg, ip) | ø to ethanol-elicited taste aversion due to stress | Anderson et al. 2012 |
| Rats S.D. | M | P30-34 or P70-74 restraint 90 mins 1x/d for 5 d Chronic variable stress 1-2 stressors/d for 5 d | P36 or P76 ethanol (0.25, 0.50, 0.75 g/kg, ip) | ↑ ethanol-induced social preference in restraint stressed adults only | Wiley & Spear 2013 |
Abbreviations: increased (↑), decreased (↓), no change in (ø), postnatal day (P), amphetamine (Amph), occurrence (x), hour (h), day (d), intraperitoneal (ip), subcutaneous (sc), Sprague-Dawley (S.D.), Long Evans (L.E.)