Table 2.
Effect of dietary fat manipulation and genotype on cytokine production (μg per 103 monocytes) following stimulation of whole blood cultures with 0.05 and 1 μg/ml lipopolysaccharide for 24 h.
| Cytokine | Baseline |
LF diet |
HSF diet |
HSF-DHA diet |
ANOVA |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | SEM | Mean | SEM | Mean | SEM | Mean | SEM | Diet (P value) | Genotype (P value) | Diet x genotype (P value) | |
| 0.05 μg/ml LPS | |||||||||||
| IL-1β | 0.100 | 0.217 | 0.652 | ||||||||
| E3/E3 | 9.49 | 0.97 | 12.96 | 1.45 | 11.75 | 1.22 | 11.43 | 1.71 | |||
| E3/E4 | 9.43 | 1.18 | 9.91 | 1.26 | 10.31 | 1.21 | 8.72 | 1.31 | |||
| All | 9.46 | 0.75 | 11.50 | 0.98 | 11.06 | 0.86 | 10.13 | 1.09 | |||
| IL-6 | 0.162 | 0.091 | 0.492 | ||||||||
| E3/E3 | 51.1 | 5.3 | 77.2 | 13.2 | 61.0 | 6.5 | 55.4 | 7.7 | |||
| E3/E4 | 46.5 | 6.0 | 46.5 | 4.1 | 49.9 | 6.0 | 49.3 | 8.1 | |||
| All | 48.9 | 4.0 | 62.5 | 7.4 | 55.7 | 4.5 | 52.5 | 5.5 | |||
| IL-8 | 0.089 | 0.782 | 0.717 | ||||||||
| E3/E3 | 378.7 | 63.5 | 434.5 | 49.4 | 460.5 | 60.6 | 335.9 | 42.9 | |||
| E3/E4 | 382.4 | 69.6 | 475.3 | 60.9 | 374.6 | 64.0 | 360.3 | 56.1 | |||
| All | 380.5 | 46.5 | 454.1 | 38.6 | 419.3 | 44.0 | 347.6 | 34.6 | |||
| 1 μg/ml LPS | |||||||||||
| IL-1β | 0.084 | 0.299 | 0.607 | ||||||||
| E3/E3 | 13.68 | 1.16 | 16.13 | 1.61 | 15.55 | 1.58 | 15.28 | 2.32 | |||
| E3/E4 | 12.00 | 1.44 | 13.38 | 1.47 | 15.81 | 1.81 | 12.39 | 1.71 | |||
| All | 12.87 | 0.91 | 14.81 | 1.10 | 15.68 | 1.18 | 13.89 | 1.46 | |||
| IL-6 | 0.139 | 0.115 | 0.734 | ||||||||
| E3/E3 | 105.1 | 13.6 | 100.4 | 13.0 | 122.4 | 18.5 | 124.8 | 29.9 | |||
| E3/E4 | 74.0 | 11.1 | 68.7 | 6.1 | 116.2 | 21.1 | 91.4 | 14.9 | |||
| All | 90.2 | 9.1 | 85.2 | 7.6 | 119.4 | 13.9 | 108.8 | 17.1 | |||
| IL-8 | 0.278 | 0.983 | 0.191 | ||||||||
| E3/E3 | 592.2 | 81.4 | 534.5 | 66.7 | 1099.1 | 520.9 | 465.2 | 74.1 | |||
| E3/E4 | 469.1 | 58.5 | 698.3 | 86.0 | 566 | 60.7 | 658.1 | 163.9 | |||
| All | 533.1 | 51.1 | 613.2 | 54.6 | 843.2 | 272.5 | 557.8 | 87.7 | |||
Values represent mean SEM for the data presented according to genotype (E3/E3, n = 26 and E3/E4, n = 24) and the genotype groups combined (All, n = 50). Abbreviations: LPS, lipopolysaccharide; LF, low fat diet; HSF, high saturated fat diet; HSF-DHA, high saturated fat diet with 3.45 g/d docosahexaenoic acid (DHA).