Table 3.

Final model parameters from multistage, stepwise regression analyses assessing the relation between dietary omega 3 and total femur bone mineral density (BMD), n =2,125

	Total femur BMDa β±SE	p value
Model R2	44.2 %
Age	−0.0013±0.0003	<0.001*
Gender	−0.0705±0.0040	<0.001*
Ethnicity		<0.001*
Mexican (ref)	–
Hispanic and other	0.0065±0.0076
White	−0.0006±0.0047
Black	0.0355±0.0049
BMI	0.0063±0.0003	<0.001*
HRT	0.0573±0.0075	<0.001*
Physical activity		0.006*
None (ref)	–
Moderate	0.0075±0.0033
Vigorous	0.0198±0.0058
Alcohol consumption		<0.001*
<1 drink/month or unknown (ref)	–
≥1 drink/month and <1 drink/week	0.0156±0.0036
≥1 drink/week and <1 drink/day	0.0166±0.0050
≥1 drink per day	0.0125±0.0065
Smoking status		0.022*
Never (ref)	–
Former	−0.0042±0.0034
≤1 pack per day	−0.0171±0.0072
>1 pack per day	−0.0309±0.0105
Dietary magnesiuma	0.0074±0.0030	0.018*
Marine derived dietary omega 3a	−0.0011±0.0179	0.950

HRT hormone replacement therapy use, BMI body mass index

^*p ≤0.05

^aTotal femur BMD square root transformed; dietary magnesium cube root transformed, marine-derived dietary omega 3 presented as the log of reported intakes plus 1 to correct for distribution skewness