Table 3. Multivariable regression analyses predicting disease recurrence, disease progression, and overall mortality in 1549 ever-smokers with primary non–muscle-invasive bladder cancer treated with transurethral resection with or without intravesical therapy.

	Disease recurrence		Disease progression		Overall mortality
	HR* (95% CI)	p value	HR* (95% CI)	p value	HR** (95% CI)	p value
Age, yr	1.00 (0.99–1.01)	0.760	1.00 (0.98–1.02)	0.980	1.08 (1.07–1.10)	<0.001
Gender:		0.920		0.820		0.004
Male	1.00		1.00		1.00
Female	0.99 (0.82–1.20)		1.05 (0.69–1.6)		0.65 (0.49–0.87)
Pathologic stage:		0.550		0.220		0.436
pTa	1.00		1.00		1.00
pT1	0.89 (0.60–1.32)		0.63 (0.30–1.32)		0.79 (0.44–1.43)
Pathologic grade:		<0.001		<0.001		0.300
G1	1.00		1.00		1.00
G2	1.65 (1.33–2.06)		2.27 (1.20–4.27)		1.10 (0.82–1.47)
G3	1.92 (1.27–2.90)		5.64 (2.29–13.90)		1.63 (0.88–3.01)
Tumour multifocality:		<0.001		0.059		0.073
No	1.00		1.00		1.00
Yes	1.49 (1.26–1.77)		1.44 (0.99–2.10)		1.25 (0.98–1.59)
Tumour size, cm:		<0.001		0.067		0.087
<3	1.00		1.00		1.00
≥3	1.40 (1.18–1.67)		1.45 (0.97–2.14)		1.24 (0.97–1.60)
Intravesical therapy:		0.790		0.680		0.363
No	1.00		1.00		1.00
Yes	1.03 (0.83–1.27)		0.89 (0.50–1.58)		0.83 (0.55–1.25)
Perioperative chemotherapy:		0.001		N/A		N/A
No	1.00		N/A		N/A
Yes	0.69 (0.55–0.85)		N/A		N/A
Smoking status (including cessation status):		<0.001		0.036		0.980
Current	1.00		1.00		1.00
Former <10 yr	1.30 (1.09–1.53)		0.99 (0.65–1.50)		1.02 (0.79–1.30)
Former ≥10 yr	0.66 (0.52–0.84)		0.42 (0.22–0.83)		0.98 (0.72–1.34)
Cumulative smoking exposure:		<0.001		<0.001		0.002
Heavy long	1.00		1.00		1.00
Light long	0.91 (0.77–1.07)		0.43 (0.29–0.63)		0.67 (0.52–0.85)
Heavy short	0.43 (0.30–0.60)		0.12 (0.03–0.44)		0.81 (0.51–1.27)
Light short	0.35 (0.26–0.47)		0.05 (0.01–0.19)		0.54 (0.37–0.80)

HR = hazard ratio; CI = confidence interval; N/A = not applicable.

HR estimated for

^*competing risks regression and

^**Cox regression; all estimates additionally adjusted for study centre.