Table 2.

Effects of Fat/Carbohydrate Ratio and Ethanol on Serum Biochemistry in the Male Rat

	Day 14				Day 28				Day 65
	HC		HF		HC		HF		HC		HF
	(−) EtOH	(+) EtOH	(−) EtOH	(+) EtOH	(−) EtOH	(+) EtOH	(−) EtOH	(+) EtOH	(−) EtOH	(+) EtOH	(−) EtOH	(+) EtOH
Insulin (ng/ml)	5.06 ± 0.511 Diet Effect	4.54 ± 0.69 p<0.001	2.57 ± 0.46# EtOH Effect	1.65 ± 0.17#,a p=0.185	6.70 ± 0.72 Diet Effect	6.87 ± 2.97 p=0.426	5.28 ± 1.62 EtOH Effect	5.66 ± 0.93b p=0.867	7.04 ± 1.30 Diet Effect	2.90 ± 0.47* p=0.351	5.86 ± 1.25 EtOH Effect	2.10 ± 0.32*,a p<0.001
Glucose (mg/dL)	152 ± 12.0 Diet Effect	169 ± 9.4 p=0.025	181 ± 9.5a,b EtOH Effect	189 ± 8.9 p=0.228	182 ± 9.1 Diet Effect	205 ± 18.0 p=0.008	216 ± 14.2b EtOH Effect	261 ± 20.4# p=0.041	138 ± 10.4 Diet Effect	144 ± 19.7 p=0.004	149 ± 15.0a EtOH Effect	233 ± 18.6*,# p=0.009
HOMA	46.4 ± 5.87 Diet Effect	37.3 ± 4.61 p<0.001	28.4 ± 4.41# EtOH Effect	21.3 ± 2.63#,a p=0.084	73.1 ± 7.01 Diet Effect	44.9 ± 9.98 p=0.149	68.7 ± 15.9 EtOH Effect	89.9 ± 19.6b p=0.803	47.7 ± 7.50 Diet Effect	25.3 ± 6.01 p=0.466	59.1 ± 15.1 EtOH Effect	30.4 ± 5.40a p=0.030
NEFA (mmol/L)	0.47 ± 0.05a Diet Effect	0.52 ± 0.04 p=0.004	0.62 ± 0.05# EtOH Effect	0.66 ± 0.05#,a p=0.301	0.58 ± 0.04a Diet Effect	0.99 ± 0.21 p=0.067	0.92 ± 0.10 EtOH Effect	1.23 ± 0.19a,b p=0.027	1.23 ± 0.30b Diet Effect	0.94 ± 0.12 p=0.024	2.22 ± 0.56 EtOH Effect	1.78 ± 0.28b p=0.357

¹S.E.M., HC–high carbohydrate, HF–high fat, EtOH – ethanol.

^#Diet effect within group, p<0.05,

^*EtOH effect within group p<0.05,

Superscript letter -time course effect, a<b; p<0.05