TABLE 4.
Effect of maternal food intervention on offspring blood pressure and kidney function at 4.5 y in Bangladesh1
| n | Model 12 | P value R2 (%) | n | Model 23 | P value R2 (%) | n | Model 34 | P value R2 (%) | |
| Systolic pressure (mm Hg) | 2312 | 0.46 (−0.16, 1.08) | 0.15 (0.05) | 2196 | 0.42 (−0.21, 1.05) | 0.19 (0.03) | 1969 | 0.57 (−0.08, 1.21) | 0.09 (0.09) |
| Diastolic pressure (mm Hg) | 2312 | 0.58 (0.06, 1.11) | 0.03 (0.16) | 2196 | 0.59 (0.05, 1.13) | 0.03 (0.16) | 1969 | 0.72 (0.16, 1.28) | 0.01 (0.26) |
| Kidney volume (cm3/m2) | 1068 | −0.09 (−1.98, 1.79) | 0.92 (−0.09) | 968 | 0.01 (−1.90, 1.91) | 0.99 (−0.09) | 861 | 0.45 (−1.55, 2.45) | 0.66 (−0.08) |
| GFR5 [mL/(min · 1.73 m2)] | 1224 | −1.86 (−5.79, 2.08) | 0.36 (−0.01) | 1222 | −1.92 (−5.77, 1.94) | 0.33 (−0.00) | 1093 | −1.23 (−5.27, 2.80) | 0.55 (−0.05) |
Values are regression coefficients (β) showing the difference in mean blood pressure (95% CI) for individuals born to women invited to receive food supplements early in pregnancy (coded 0) compared with the usual time (coded 1), derived from linear regression analysis. R2 refers to adjusted partial R2 for all models. GFR, glomerular filtration rate; MMS, multiple micronutrient supplement.
Model 1, adjusted MMS and iron dummy variables only.
Model 2, additionally adjusted for age, sex, wealth index, tertiles of maternal wk 8 of gestation blood pressure (blood pressure models only), and season of birth fitted as Fourier terms (36).
Model 3, as model 2 but additionally adjusted for height, BMI, fat free mass, diarrhea in the past 2 wk, and feeling well on the study day.
GFR calculated from plasma cystatin C (17).