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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Mar 31.
Published in final edited form as: Science. 2013 Sep 13;341(6151):1199–1204. doi: 10.1126/science.1241144

Figure 3. Implications for vaccine design by studying HIV-1 and antibody co-evolution in an individual with bNAbs.

Figure 3

Longitudinal analysis of an HIV-1-infected individual was performed from the time of infection up to the development of bNAbs (Liao et al., 2013). The evolution of the HIV-1 envelope on the virus drives the diversification of the antibody response. Isolation and sequences analysis of the HIV-1 envelope on the founder virus (red square) and on viruses at later stages (green to dark green) provides crucial information for generation of antigens that can potentially elicit a broadly neutralizing antibody response. Mimicking the evolution of antigens in an HIV-1 vaccine approach is a promising strategy to elicit bNAbs in humans.