Table 1.

Cell culture studies to investigate the effect of green tea or epigallocatechin gallate on DNA methylation and gene expression.

Study (year)	Tissue/cell line	Genes	GT/EGCG dose and duration of treatment (μmol/l, days)	Effect	Ref.
Fang et al. (2007)	Esophagus	p16, RARβ, hMLH1 and MGMT	5–50 EGCG, 1-6	Decreased DNMT1, gene reactivation	[55]
Wong et al. (2011)	Immune T cells, Jurkat	FOXP3	2–10 EGCG, 1–2	Decreased DNMT1	[71]
Kato et al. (2008)	Oral SCC9 and HSC3	RECK tumor suppressor	20–50 EGCG, 3–6	Reversed hypermethylation, gene reactivation	[72]
Gao et al. (2009)	Lung H460 and A549	WIF-1	10–50 EGCG, 3	Demethylation	[83]
Li et al. (2010)	Breast MDAMB-231	ER-α	10 EGCG, 3	Reversed hypermethylation, gene reactivation	[77]
Nandakumar et al. (2011)	Skin A431	p16(INK4a) and p21/Cip1	10 EGCG, 6	Decreased DNMT1, gene reactivation	[75]
Pandey et al. (2010)	Prostate	GSTP1	10 PolyE, 14	Decreased DNMT1, gene reactivation	[84]
Chuang et al. (2005)	T24, HT29 and PC3	p16, RARb, MAGE-A1, MAGE-B2 and Alu	20–30 EGCG, 6	No effect	[85]
Streseman et al. (2006)	TK6, Jurkat and KG-1	TIMP3	2–50 EGCG, 3	No effect	[86]

EGCG: Epigallocatechin gallate; GT: Green tea; PolyE: Polyphenon E.