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. 2013 Dec 5;1(7):e00172. doi: 10.1002/phy2.172

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© 2013 The Authors. Physiological Reports published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of the American Physiological Society and The Physiological Society.

This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Figure 9. — Examination of the antifibrotic effects of FTY720 and DMS in the UUO of nude mouse model by real‐time PCR and western blotting. In nude mice, the mRNA expression levels of the various fibrotic markers were significantly increased in the left kidney compared with the control right kidney. FTY720 and DMS pretreatment significantly inhibited the S1P‐induced fibrotic changes in the nude UUO mice. N = 3. UUO treatment of nude mice upregulated a‐SMA, fibronectin, and PAI1 expression levels. A representative western blot is shown. These effects on the protein levels were attenuated by FTY720 or DMS addition. Data are presented as means ± SE. *P < 0.05. UUO, unilateral ureteral obstruction; DMS, N,N‐dimethylsphingosine; a‐SMA, alpha‐smooth muscle actin; PAI1, plasminogen activator inhibitor‐1.