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. 2014 Mar 25;2:e326. doi: 10.7717/peerj.326

Figure 3. Effects of NZ honeys and sugar on S. aureus biofilm formation.

Figure 3

S. aureus biofilms were allowed to form in the presence of four different NZ honey types (manuka, Medihoney, manuka/kanuka or clover) or a sugar solution. Biofilm formation was assessed using a static biofilm formation assay with crystal violet staining to quantify biomass. S. aureus strains are: (A) NCTC 8325; (B) ATCC 25923; (C) MW2 (HA-MRSA) and (D) USA300 (CA-MRSA). Biofilm formation is expressed as a percentage relative to that produced by the untreated control, which is set at 100%. Error bars represent ±standard deviation (SD) of three biological samples performed in triplicate. Statistical significance (p < 0.05) was assessed by One-Way ANOVA with Tukey test after confirming normality of the data set for each treatment using the D’Agnostino-Pearson normality test.