Figure 6. Effects of MGO on established S. aureus biofilms.

S. aureus NCTC 8325 biofilms were treated with MGO and a combination of MGO and the sugar solution. MGO stock solutions were prepared to correspond to the MGO levels in undiluted honey (100 mg/kg of manuka/kanuka honey, 700 mg/kg of Medihoney, and 900 mg/kg of manuka honey; Table 1). The crystal violet stained residual biofilm mass after 24 h treatment was quantified using optical density (OD_{595 nm}). Error bars represent ±standard deviation (SD) of three biological samples performed in triplicate. Statistical significance (p < 0.05) was assessed by One-Way ANOVA with Tukey test after confirming normality of the data set for each treatment using the D’Agnostino-Pearson normality test.