Figure 7. Live/dead staining of different honey treated established biofilms.

Established biofilms produced by S. aureus NCTC 8325 were treated with TSB containing honey (manuka, Medihoney, manuka/kanuka or clover) or sugar solution at 1%, 2%, 16%, and 32% (w/vol). Syto9 (green; viable cells) and propidium iodine (red; dead cells) stained images were acquired using Nikon A1 Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope. The 3D- images were reconstructed using NIS-elements (version 10). Scale bar represents 50 µ m.