TABLE 5.
Skin barrier dysfunction and acne treatment
| # | AUTHORS/JOURNAL | TITLE OF STUDY | SKIN BARRIER DYSFUNCTION AND ACNE TREATMENT | LEVEL OF EVIDENCE |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Kurokawa I, Dan by FW, Ju Q, et al. Exp Dermatol. 2009;18(10):821-832. | New developments in our understanding of acne pathogenesis and treatment. | Skin barrier dysfunction coupled with various triggering events contributes to the signs and symptoms of acne. | 2 |
| 2 | Pavicic T, Wollenweber U, Farwick, et al. Int J Cosmet Sci. 2007;29(3):181-190. | Anti-microbial and -inflammatory activity and efficacy of Phytosphingosine (PS): an in vitro and in vivo study addressing acne vulgaris. | In acne-affected skin, PS is depleted leading to an impaired skin barrier, inflammation, and infection. | 2 |
| 3 | Jeremy AH, Holland DB, Roberts SG, Thomson KF, Cunliffe WJ. J Invest Dermatol. 2003:121(1): 20-27. | Inflammatory events are involved in acne lesion initiation. | In acne-affected skin, Phytosphingosine is depleted, making the skin prone to inflammation. | 2 |
| 4 | Yamamoto A, Takenouchi K, Ito M. Arch Dermatol Res. 95;287(2):214-218. | Impaired water barrier function in acne vulgaris. | In acne, lower amounts of ingolipids were observed corresponding with diminished WBF. | 2 |
| 5 | Madison KC. J Invest Dermatol. 2003;121(2):231-241. | Barrier function of the skin: “la raison d’etre” of the epidermis | Skin barrier dysfunction mechanisms are described. | 3 |
| 6 | Johnson AW. In: Draelos ZD, ed. Procedures in Cosmetic Dermatology Series: Cosmeceuticals. 1st ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier; 2005:97-102 | Cosmeceuticals: Function and the skin barrier. | Cholesterol, ceramides and fatty acid are important components of lipid bilayers. | 3 |
| 7 | Elias PM, Hatnano Y, Williams ML. J Alter Clin Immunol. 2008;121:1337-1343. | Skin barrier dysfunction mechanisms in inflammatory dermatosis. | Skin barrier dysfunction leading to inflammation. | 1 |