TABLE 7.
Benefits of ceramides containing moisturizers for acne
| # | AUTHORS/JOURNAL | TITLE OF STUDY | BENEFITS OF MOISTURIZERS FOR ACNE | LEVEL OF EVIDENCE |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Pavicic T, Wollenweber U, Farwick M, Korting HC. Int J Cosmet Sci. 2007;29(3):181-190. | Anti-microbial and -inflammatory activity and efficacy of phytosphingosine: an in vitro and in vivo study addressing acne vulgaris. | Both in vitro and in vivo the phytosphingosine containing product showed excellent clinical results in acne, based on anti-inflammatory and anti-microbial activity, enhancing or complementing existing acne therapies. | 2 |
| 2 | Yamamoto A, Takenouchi K, Ito M. Arch Dermatol Res. 1995;287(2):214-218. | Impaired water barrier function in acne vulgaris. | In acne lower amounts of sphingolipids correspond with a diminished water barrier function (WBF). An impaired WBF caused by decreased amounts of ceramides may be responsible for comedo formation, since barrier dysfunction is accompanied by hyperkeratosis of the follicular epithelium. | 2 |
| 3 | Imokawa G. In: Leyden JJ, Rawlings AV, eds. Skin Moisturization. 1st ed. New York: Marcel Dekker; 2002:267-302. | Ceramides as natural moisturizing factors and their efficacy in dry skin. | Ceramides are instrumental in the skin barrier function. Topical ceramides help improve skin barrier function in acne-affected skin. | 2 |
| 4 | Bouwstra J, Pilgram G, Gooris G, Koerten H, Ponec M. Skin Pharmacol Appl Skin Physiol. 2001;14 Suppl 1:52-62. | New aspects of the skin barrier organization. | A balanced application of stratum corneum identical lipids, pure ceramides or a combination thereof with cholesterol and fatty acids replenish low levels of stratum corneum lipids. | 2 |
| 5 | Del Rosso JQ. Cosmetic Dermatol. 2007;20(8):485-490 | The role of skin care and maintaining proper barrier function in the management of rosacea. | The amount of ceramides present in the stratum corneum decreases drastically, because keratinocytes have a reduced ability to synthesize certain classes are reduced, especially the quantity of phytosphingosine-based ceramides like Ceramide 3. | 2 |
| 6 | Draelos ZD. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2010;125(2):719-724. | Active agents in common skin care products. | The use of a ceramide-containing moisturizing cream and cleanser in conjunction with fluocinonide cream 0.05% reduced disease duration, time to disease clearance. | 3 |
| 7 | Loden M. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2003;4(11):771-778. | Role of topical emollients and moisturizers in the treatment of dry skin barrier disorders. | A ceramide-dominant lipid mixture decreased transepidermal water loss. | 3 |