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. 2014 Mar 26;9:1617–1626. doi: 10.2147/IJN.S53886

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© 2014 Shi et al. This work is published by Dove Medical Press Limited, and licensed under Creative Commons Attribution – Non Commercial (unported, v3.0) License

The full terms of the License are available at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed.

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Vault protein engineered for hydrophobic drug delivery.

Notes: (A) Schematic diagram representing NDI-ATRA formation and encapsulation by the vault nanoparticle. Components are not drawn to scale. (B) CP-MVP + NDI-ATRA electron microscopic tomography slice showing NDI-ATRA vault packaging. (C) HepG2 cell viability assay. NDI-ATRA and CP-MVP + NDI-ATRA both display increased toxicity than free ATRA over the course of 120 hours.

Adapted with permission from Buehler DC, Toso DB, Kickhoefer VA, Zhou ZH, Rome LH. Vaults engi neered for hydrophobic drug delivery. Small. 2011;7(10):1432–1439.⁷ Copyright 2011 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Abbreviations: ΔApo-AI, a truncated form of apolipoprotein-AI (Apo-AI, amino acids 44–200); ATRA, all-trans retinoic acid; CP-MVP, the purified vaults; DMPC, dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine; DMPG, dimyristoylphosphatidylglycerol; INT, vault-targeting domain; NDI, nanodisk-INT complex.