Table 3:
Univariable correlation with serious adverse events for variables from history for 945 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
| Characteristic* | Status for serious adverse event; no. (%) of patients† | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Yes n = 74 |
No n = 871 |
||
| Age, yr, mean ± SD | 73.4 ± 9.9 | 72.6 ± 10.8 | 0.5 |
| Sex, male | 38 (51.4) | 450 (51.7) | > 0.9 |
| Arrival by ambulance (n = 73 and 871) | 39 (53.4) | 417 (47.9) | 0.4 |
| Medical history | |||
| Admission for respiratory distress | 29 (39.2) | 239 (27.4) | 0.03 |
| Intubation for respiratory distress | 6 (8.1) | 21 (2.4) | 0.005 |
| Heart failure | 29 (39.2) | 170 (19.5) | < 0.001 |
| Myocardial infarction | 13 (17.6) | 136 (15.6) | 0.7 |
| Angina | 9 (12.2) | 96 (11.0) | 0.8 |
| Coronary bypass graft surgery | 10 (13.5) | 58 (6.7) | 0.03 |
| Percutaneous coronary intervention | 2 (2.7) | 33 (3.8) | 0.6 |
| Pacemaker | 4 (5.4) | 39 (4.5) | 0.7 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 15 (20.3) | 131 (15.0) | 0.2 |
| Peripheral vascular disease intervention | 8 (10.8) | 28 (3.2) | 0.001 |
| Cancer | 10 (13.5) | 127 (14.6) | 0.8 |
| Hypertension | 44 (59.5) | 379 (43.5) | 0.008 |
| Stroke or transient ischemic attack | 3 (4.1) | 78 (9.0) | 0.2 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 14 (18.9) | 172 (19.7) | 0.9 |
| Chronic renal failure | 6 (8.1) | 47 (5.4) | 0.3 |
| Duration of respiratory distress, h, mean ± SD (n = 42 and 728) | 85.3 ± 82.0 | 87.2 ±116.0 | 0.9 |
| Home oxygen therapy (n = 72 and 869) | 14 (19.4) | 104 (12.0) | 0.07 |
| Smoker, pack-years, mean ± SD (n = 25 and 521) | 41.5 ± 21.9 | 41.8 ± 29.1 | > 0.9 |
| Current respiratory medications (n = 73 and 865) | 67 (91.8) | 780 (90.2) | 0.7 |
| Antibiotics (n = 73 and 864) | 14 (19.2) | 176 (20.4) | 0.8 |
| Inhaled anticholinergics (n = 73 and 864) | 51 (69.9) | 529 (61.2) | 0.2 |
| Inhaled β-agonists (n = 73 and 864) | 56 (76.7) | 628 (72.7) | 0.5 |
| Inhaled steroids (n = 73 and 864) | 48 (65.8) | 516 (59.7) | 0.3 |
| Oral steroids (n = 73 and 864) | 10 (13.7) | 141 (16.3) | 0.6 |
| Current cardiac medications (n = 73 and 862) | 60 (82.2) | 631 (73.2) | 0.09 |
| Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (n = 73 and 859) | 23 (31.5) | 239 (27.8) | 0.5 |
| Antiarrhythmics (n = 73 and 859) | 1 (1.4) | 28 (3.3) | 0.4 |
| Anticoagulants (n = 73 and 859) | 14 (19.2) | 146 (17.0) | 0.6 |
| Antiplatelet medications (n = 73 and 858) | 28 (38.4) | 251 (29.3) | 0.1 |
| β-Blockers | 30 (40.5) | 229 (26.3) | 0.008 |
| Calcium channel blockers (n = 73 and 859) | 18 (24.7) | 183 (21.3) | 0.5 |
| Digoxin (n = 73 and 859) | 9 (12.3) | 54 (6.3) | 0.05 |
| Diuretics | 36 (48.6) | 301 (34.6) | 0.02 |
| Nitrates (n = 73 and 858) | 12 (16.4) | 124 (14.5) | 0.7 |
| Statins (n = 73 and 858) | 32 (43.8) | 291 (33.9) | 0.09 |
| Caretaker at home | 44 (59.5) | 455 (52.2) | 0.4 |
| Able to drink fluids in emergency department (n = 40 and 688) | 40 (100.0) | 673 (97.8) | > 0.9 |
Note: SD = standard deviation.
*
Where data were not available for all patients in both groups, n values for both groups are shown parenthetically.
†
Except where indicated otherwise.