Table 1.
Neuropeptides and their functions in representative fish species.
| Neuropeptide | Species | Function | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Orexin | Goldfish | Increase food intake | (100) |
| Ornate wrasse | Increase food intake | (101) | |
| Goldfish | Inhibit spawning behavior, decrease GnRH2 mRNA level | (102) | |
| NPY | Goldfish | Increase food intake | (103) |
| Rainbow trout | Increase food intake | (104) | |
| Puffer fish | Increase food intake | (105) | |
| Zebrafish | Increase food intake | (106) | |
| Goldfish | Stimulate GnRH and LH release | (107, 108) | |
| Common carp | Increase plasma LH level | (109) | |
| Sea bream | Stimulate GnRH release | (110) | |
| Sea bass | Increase plasma LH level | (111) | |
| PACAP | Goldfish | Decrease food intake | (112) |
| Goldfish | Stimulate LH release | (113, 114) | |
| Tilapia | Stimulate GTH subunit mRNA expression | (115) | |
| Blue gourami | Stimulate FSHβ mRNA expression | (116, 117) | |
| GnRH2 | Goldfish | Decrease food intake | (102, 118) |
| Zebrafish | Decrease food intake | (119) | |
| Goldfish | Stimulate LH release | (120) | |
| 26RFa | Mouse | Increase food intake | (121) |
| Goldfish | Increase plasma LH level | (122) | |
| Galanin | Goldfish | Increase food intake | (123) |
| Tench | Increase food intake | (124) | |
| (Rat) | Stimulate GnRH release | (125) | |
| MCH | Goldfish | Decrease food intake | (126) |
| Goldfish | Stimulate LH release | (127) | |
| α-MSH | Goldfish | Decrease food intake | (128) |
| Rainbow trout | Decrease food intake | (129) | |
| (Mouse) | Stimulate GnRH neurons | (130) | |
| CART | Goldfish | Decrease food intake | (131, 132) |
| (Rat) | Stimulate GnRH release | (133, 134) | |
| CCK | Goldfish | Decrease food intake | (135) |
| Goldfish | Stimulate LH release | (136) | |
| Nesfatin-1 | Goldfish | Decrease food intake | (137, 138) |
| Goldfish | Decrease plasma LH level | (139) | |
| Leptin | Goldfish | Decrease food intake | (140) |
| Rainbow trout | Decrease food intake | (141) | |
| Sea bass | Stimulate LH release | (142) | |
| Rainbow trout | Stimulate LH release | (143) | |
| Ghrelin | Goldfish | Increase food intake | (144–146) |
| Rainbow trout | Decrease food intake | (147) | |
| Goldfish | Stimulate LH release | (148) | |
| Common carp | Stimulate LH release | (149) |