Figure 1.

EV – electrode placement in the small infant and EV signals. It is important that the electrode placing keeps sufficient distance between the electrodes to avoid interferences and signal disturbances which may be difficult in very small infants. ECG and EV signals must be clearly identified on the monitor as they correlate with the intra-aortic blood flow changes. Further explanations are given in the text. (With kind permission of Osypka Medical, Berlin, Germany and La Jolla, CA, USA, modified for scientific publication by the authors).