Table 2.
Analgesic outcomes on postoperative Day (POD) 1, 2, and 3
| Analgesic outcome | High concentration group | Low concentration group | Placebo infusion group | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Opioid consumption (intravenous morphine equivalent, mg) | ||||
| POD 1 | 56 (42–70) | 35 (27–43) | 48 (38–59) | 0.02* |
| POD 2 | 50 (41–60) | 33 (24–42) | 39 (30–48) | 0.04* |
| POD 3 | 27 (20–35) | 18 (12–25) | 21 (14–28) | 0.18 |
| Pain at rest (VAS) | ||||
| POD 1 am | 5 (4–6) | 4 (3–5) | 5 (4–6) | 0.17 |
| POD 1 pm | 5 (4–6) | 4 (3–5) | 5 (4–6) | 0.37 |
| POD 2 am | 4 (3–5) | 3 (2–4) | 3 (2–4) | 0.60 |
| POD 2 pm | 4 (3–5) | 2 (1–3) | 3 (2–4) | 0.03* |
| POD 3 am | 2 (2–3) | 2 (1–3) | 2 (1–3) | 0.76 |
| POD 3 pm | 2 (2–3) | 3 (2–4) | 2 (1–4) | 0.93 |
| Pain during physiotherapy (VAS) | ||||
| POD 1 am | 7 (6–8) | 7 (6–7) | 7 (6–8) | 0.65 |
| POD 1 pm | 7 (5–8) | 6 (5–7) | 6 (6–7) | 0.56 |
| POD 2 am | 7 (6–8) | 6 (5–7) | 7 (6–7) | 0.67 |
| POD 2 pm | 6 (5–7) | 5 (4–6) | 6 (5–7) | 0.50 |
| POD 3 am | 6 (5–7) | 5 (4–6) | 5 (4–6) | 0.54 |
| POD 3 pm | 6 (5–7) | 5 (4–7) | 5 (4–7) | 0.86 |
| Nausea and vomiting (incidence) | ||||
| POD 1 am | 40% | 33% | 50% | 0.76 |
| POD 1 pm | 12% | 7% | 14% | 0.73 |
| POD 2 am | 17% | 3% | 18% | 0.23 |
| POD 2 pm | 33% | 10% | 32% | 0.21 |
| POD 3 am | 22% | 7% | 19% | 0.36 |
| POD 3 pm | 12% | 3% | 6% | 0.49 |
| Pruritus (incidence) | ||||
| POD 1 am | 27% | 14% | 27% | 0.58 |
| POD 1 pm | 33% | 11% | 27% | 0.28 |
| POD 2 am | 27% | 7% | 14% | 0.21 |
| POD 2 pm | 17% | 3% | 10% | 0.30 |
| POD 3 am | 12% | 7% | 14% | 0.69 |
| POD 3 pm | 17% | 0% | 10% | 0.10 |
| Drowsiness (incidence) | ||||
| POD 1 am | 40% | 19% | 32% | 0.47 |
| POD 1 pm | 17% | 29% | 32% | 0.60 |
| POD 2 am | 12% | 23% | 14% | 0.62 |
| POD 2 pm | 40% | 10% | 14% | 0.10 |
| POD 3 am | 12% | 3% | 10% | 0.49 |
| POD 3 pm | 12% | 0% | 14% | 0.13 |
| Satisfaction (VAS) | ||||
| POD 1 am | 6 (5–7) | 8 (7–8) | 6 (5–7) | 0.12 |
| POD 1 pm | 6 (5–7) | 7 (6–8) | 7 (7–8) | 0.08 |
| POD 2 am | 6 (5–7) | 7 (5–8) | 8 (7–9) | 0.06 |
| POD 2 pm | 6 (5–7) | 8 (7–9) | 8 (7–9) | 0.08 |
| POD 3 am | 7 (6–8) | 8 (7–9) | 9 (8–9) | 0.11 |
| POD 3 pm | 8 (7–9) | 8 (7–9) | 9 (8–9) | 0.18 |
Data are presented as mean (95% confidence interval) or percentage. Significant results are underscored by an asterisk. High concentration group, infusion of ropivacaine 0.2%; low concentration group, infusion of ropivacaine 0.1%; placebo infusion group, infusion of normal saline 0.9%; VAS = visual analog scale.