Table 2.
Baseline demographics, clinical characteristics, and social cognitive performance
| Variable | Clinical High Risk (n=147) |
Help-Seeking Control (n=85) |
Converters (n=28) |
Non- converters (n=204) |
P Prodromal and Control Converter and Non- converter |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex, n (%) |
χ2=0.80 (df=1) Z=−.64 t=−.607 (df=225) t=−.259 (df=225) |
|||||
| Male | 85 (57.8%) | 44 (51.8%) | 14 (50.0%) | 115 (56.4%) | ||
| Female | 62 (42.2%) | 41 (48.2%) | 14 (50.0%) | 89 (43.6%) | ||
| Age, mean (SD) | 19.79 (4.68) | 19.41 (4.08) | 19.68 (4.43) | 19.45 (4.81) | ||
| Race, n (%) | χ2= 1.26 (df= 4) Z=−1.47 |
|||||
| White | 115 (78.2%) | 65 (76. 5%) | 19 (67.9%) | 161 (78.9%) | ||
| Black or African American | 12 (8.2%) | 8 (9.4%) | 4 (14.3%) | 16 (7.8%) | ||
| Canadian Aboriginal/Native | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | ||
| American/American Indian or Alaskan Native Asian |
11 (7.5%) | 4 (4.7%) | 3 (10.7%) | 12 (5.9%) | ||
| Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander | 1 (0.7%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (0.5%) | ||
| Mixed | 8 (5.4%) | 8 (9.4%) | 2 (7.1%) | 14 6.9%) | ||
| Spanish/Hispanic/Latino, n (%) | χ2= 3.54 (df=1) Z=−1.25 |
|||||
| Yes | 11 (7.5%) | 13 (15.3%) | 1 (3.6%) | 23 (11.3%) | ||
| No | 136 (92.5%) | 72 (84.7%) | 27 (96.4%) | 181 (88.7%) | ||
| Current marital status, n (%) | χ2= .79 (df=2) Z=−1.60 |
|||||
| Common law or legal married | 7 (4.8%) | 3 (3.5%) | 3 (10.7%) | 7 (3.4%) | ||
| Widowed | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | ||
| Divorced | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | ||
| Separated | 1 (.7%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (0.5%) | ||
| Never married | 139 (94.6%) | 82 (96.5%) | 25 (89.3%) | 196 (96.1%) | ||
| Currently living with a significant other, n (%) | χ2=1.64 (df= 1) Z=−1.73 |
|||||
| Yes | 16 (10.9%) | 5 (5.9%) | 5 (17.9%) | 16 (7.8%) | ||
| No | 131 (89.1%) | 80 (94.1%) | 23 (82.1%) | 188 (92.2%) | ||
| Education, n (%) |
χ2= 3.10 (df= 8) Z=−.15 |
|||||
| Did not complete High School n (%) | 64 (43.5%) | 40 (47.1%) | 14 (50.0%) | 90 (44.1%) | ||
| GED/High School diploma, n (%) | 1 (.7%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (0.5%) | ||
| Some college, did not graduate, n (%) | 13 (8.8%) | 9 (10.6%) | 1 (3.6%) | 21 (10.3%) | ||
| Community college or Technical School Degree, n (%) | 50 (34.0%) | 26 (30.6%) | 7 (25.0%) | 69 (33.8%) | ||
| College graduate, n(%) | 7 (4.8%) | 3 (3.5%) | 2 (7.1%) | 8 (3.9%) | ||
| College graduate and some Master’s level course, n (%) | 6 (4.1%) | 4 (4.7%) | 3 (10.7%) | 7 (3.4%) | ||
| Master’s degree completed, n (%) | 4 (2.7%) | 1 (1.2%) | 1 (3.6%) | 4 (2.0%) | ||
| Advanced degree courses, not graduated, n (%) | 2 (1.4%) | 1 (1.2%) | 0 (0%) | 3 (1.5%) | ||
| Advanced degree completed, n (%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (1.2%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (0.5%) | ||
| If you did not complete High School or obtain GED, indicate # of years of education: M (SD) | 8.89 (1.86) | 9.00 (2.03) | 9.14 (1.75) | 8.90 (1.95) | t= 0.28 (df= 102) Z=−.38 |
|
| Attended special education classes, n (%) | χ2= 0.39 (df= 1) Z=−.16 |
|||||
| Yes | 23 (15.6%) | 16 (18.8%) | 5 (17.9%) | 34 (16.7%) | ||
| NO | 124 (84.4%) | 69 (81.2%) | 23 (82.1%) | 170 (83.3%) | ||
| Failure to complete an educational program, n (%) | χ2=1.47 (df=1) Z=−.90 |
|||||
| Yes | 36 (24.5%) | 15 (17.6%) | 8 (28.6%) | 43 (21.1%) | ||
| NO | 111 (75.5%) | 70 (82.4%) | 20 (71.4%) | 161 (78.9%) | ||
| Parents Education, n (%) | χ2= 5.16 (df= 9) Z=−.21 |
|||||
| Did not complete High School, n (%) | 7 (4.8%) | 7 (8.3%) | 3 (10.7%) | 11 (5.4%) | ||
| Unknown, n (%) | 4 (2.7%) | 2 (2.4%) | 1 (3.6%) | 5 (2.5%) | ||
| GED/High School diploma, n (%) | 20 (13.6%) | 11 (13.1%) | 2 (7.1%) | 29 (14.2%) | ||
| Some college, did not graduate, n (%) | 15 (10.2%) | 12 (14.3%) | 1 (3.6%) | 26 (12.7%) | ||
| Community College or Technical School degree, n (%) | 11 (7.5%) | 7 (8.3%) | 2 (7.1%) | 16 (7.8%) | ||
| College graduate, n(%) | 41 (27.9%) | 26 (31.0%) | 11 (39.3%) | 56 (27.5%) | ||
| College graduate and some Master’s level course, n (%) | 6 (4.1%) | 2 (2.4%) | 3 (10.7%) | 5 (2.5%) | ||
| Master’s degree completed, n (%) | 23 (15.6%) | 8 (9.5%) | 2 (7.1%) | 29 (14.2%) | ||
| Advanced degree courses, not graduated, n (%) | 2 (1.4%) | 2 (2.4%) | 0 (0.0%) | 4 (2.0%) | ||
| Advanced degree completed, n (%) | 18 (12.2%) | 7 (8.3%) | 3 (10.7%) | 22 (10.8%) | ||
| If he/she did not complete high school or obtain GED, indicate # of years of education: M (SD) | 8.13 (2.61) | 9.29 (2.43) | 4.67 (.58) | 9.82 (1.33) | t= .85 (df= 12) Z=−2.63** |
|
| IQ Score, mean (SD) | 111.75 (19.03) | 111.94 (17.12) | 103.2 (22.23) | 112.97 (16.87) | t=−.06 (df=176) Z=−1.87 |
|
| Baseline total SOPS symptoms, mean (SD) | t=−.33 (df=230) t=−4.10 (df=230)**** Z=−7.562**** t=−2.51 (df=230)* t=−.93 (df=230) t=−2.33 (df=230)* t=−3.22 (df=230)** t=−3.24 (df=230)** |
|||||
| Negative symptoms | 8.51 (5.86) | 8.24 (6.32) | 12.64 (6.38) | 7.83 (5.75) | ||
| Positive symptoms | 10.90 (3.04) | 6.47 (4.34) | 11.11 (4.01) | 9.03 (4.12) | ||
| Disorganized symptoms | 4.09 (2.77) | 3.72 (3.15) | 5.14 (2.64) | 3.79 (2.92) | ||
| Total general symptoms at basline | 6.94 (4.03) | 5.16 (4.06) | 8.61 (3.78) | 5.97 (4.08) | ||
| Baseline Social cognitive performance |
t=.09 (df=229) t=2.23 (df=229)* t=.38 (df=228) t=−.97 (df=228) t=−1.26 (d=228) t=.062 (df=228) |
|||||
| Eyes Task (Theory of Mind) | 25.05 (4.93) | 25.11 (4.91) | 23.14 (3.86) | 25.33 (4.99) | ||
| Trustworthiness Task: Trustworthiness | 3.11 (32.28) | 4.75 (30.67) | 9.26 (38.27) | 2.98 (30.68) | ||
| Trustworthiness Task: Approachability | 17.98 (26.88) | 22.84(30.26) | 16.63(36.07) | 20.19(27.06) | ||
Mann-Whitney U tests were conducted if Levene’s test for equality of variances was significant (p<.05), indicated by Z scores.
*
= p<0.05,
**
= p<0.01,
***
= p<0.001,
****
=p<0.0001