Table 3. Rates of recurrent nodular goiter and of second operations to remove clinically significant recurrent nodules after different operations for benign, euthyroid nodular goiter.

Year of publication,follow-up interval	Thyroid-ectomy	Dunhill procedure	Bilateral subtotal resection
Pappalardo 1998 [12] (14.5 years) All recurrences Clinically significant recurrences	0% 0%	14% 13%*	n.d. n.d.
Barczynski 2010 [13] (5 years) All recurrences Clinically significant recurrences	0.5% 0.5%	4.7% 0.5%	11.6% 1.0%
Rayes 2012 [14] (11 years) All recurrences Clinically significant recurrences	n.d. n.d.	6% 0%	8.0% 1.5%

Results from the three prospective randomized studies that have been published to date(mean follow-up interval in parentheses; n.d., no data because this operation was not performed) (12– 14).

^*One patient for whom a reoperation was indicated declined to undergo the procedure