Table 3.
In vitro models used to study host-microbes interactions
| Feature | Transwell Inserts | SHIME [109] | M-SHIME [110] | TIM1 [111] | TIM2 [112] | CCS [113] | Gut-on-a-Chip [44] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Human cell culture
a
|
+b |
- |
- |
- |
- |
+b |
++b |
|
GIT microbiota culture |
- |
+ |
+ |
- |
+ |
- |
- |
|
Anaerobic conditions for microbes |
- |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
- |
|
Mucin |
+ |
- |
+ |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
pH measurement |
- |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
- |
| Throughput | + | - | - | - | - | - | + |
aThe models involving the possibility to incorporate human cells can be subjected to Trans-epithelial Electric Resistance (TEER) measurements (except the model CCS).
b+, co-culture for 3 to 6 h; ++, co-culture for >1 week.
CCS, continuous culture system; GIT, gastrointestinal tract; M-SHIME, Mucus-Simulator of the Human Intestinal Microbial Ecosystem; SHIME, Simulator of the Human Intestinal Microbial Ecosystem; TIM1, model simulating the stomach and small intestine; TIM2, model simulating the large intestine.