Table 1.
Results of REML-GLMM on the response to prenatal testosterone exposure during growth and during GiOS. Individual was included as a random factor. For growth, N = 20 birds. For GiOS measures, N = 60 observations on 20 birds. Outcomes in italic refer to variables included in the final models (the rest were subsequently excluded from the models because they were not significant).
| variable | treatment (control and testosterone) | time (baseline, stress and recovery) | treatment × time |
|---|---|---|---|
| growth | F1,18 = 1.09, p = 0.32 | ||
| ROM | F1,13 = 0.65, p = 0.43 | F2,23 = 23.47, p < 0.0001 | F2,20 = 0.22, p = 0.80 |
| TAC | F1,18 = 0.02, p = 0.88 | F2,38 = 10.42, p = 0.0003 | F2,36 = 0.74, p = 0.48 |
| in vivo DNA | F1,18 = 0.55, p = 0.47 | F2,38 = 11.71, p = 0.0001 | F2,36 = 0.45, p = 0.64 |
| vulnerability to H2O2 challenge | F1,18 = 1.34, p = 0.28 | F2,36 = 1.55, p = 0.24 | F2,36 = 0.18, p = 0.84 |
| DNA repair efficiency | F1,18 = 26.12, p < 0.0001 | F2,38 = 0.31, p = 0.74 | F2,36 = 0.05, p = 0.95 |