Table 2.

SSM CATWOE mnemonic with example questions; adapted from Checkland and Scholes [18].

Label	Descriptor	Example question
Customers	Who are the beneficiaries of this system?	Where and how do stroke survivors enter the pathway?
Actors	Who facilitates the transformation?	Which people deliver VR? Who else within the service is involved in return to work issues?
Transformation	Changes occurring because of this service	What methods of communication exist within this service or between these related services?
Worldview	The context in which such transformations are deemed to be desirable	How are the services you provide marketed, researched and evaluated?
Ownership	To whom the service is answerable	Who commissions the service?
Environmental	Contextual factors relating to the service	Does/do the environment(s) present any problem/barrier to the organisation and delivery of the service or services which form part of this VR pathway?