Table 3.
Characteristics of Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma by Tumor Burden
| Within Milan criteria | Beyond Milan criteria | Diffuse tumors | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total number of patients* | 64 (41.8%) | 65 (42.5%) | 24 (15.7%) | |
| Age (years)** | 59.7±11.7 | 56.0±14.7 | 49.0±11.6 | .002 |
| Gender* | .007 | |||
| Male | 46 (71.9%) | 57 (87.7%) | 22(91.7%) | |
| Female | 18 (28.1%) | 8 (12.3%) | 2 (8.3%) | |
| Symptoms at presentation* | <.001 | |||
| Yes | 23 (35.9%) | 41 (63.1%) | 21 (87.5%) | |
| No | 41 (64.1%) | 24 (36.9%) | 3 (12.5%) | |
| Mean albumin level (g/dL)** | 3.8±0.7 | 3.7±0.7 | 3.4±0.6 | .018 |
| Mean total bilirubin level (mg/dL)** | 1.0±0.7 | 2.0±2.5 | 4.2±6 | <.001 |
| Mean alkaline phosphatase level (U/L)** | 113.9±64.4 | 192.9±218.2 | 269.9±183.9 | <.001 |
| Mean AST level (U/L)** | 62±66.5 | 109.9±94.1 | 272.4±274.1 | <.001 |
| Mean ALT level (U/L)** | 54±32 | 82±74.2 | 108.4±61.7 | <.001 |
| Mean platelet count (x10,000/mm3)** | 148.6±73.1 | 199.4±114.4 | 283.8±193.1 | <.001 |
| HBV DNA level (log10 copies/mL)** | 3.2±2.8 | 4.2±2.6 | 4.9±1.9 | .054 |
| AFP level | .003 | |||
| AFP≤10ng/mL* | 26 (40.6%) | 15(25.4%) | 1 (4.3%) | |
| AFP>10ng/mL* | 38 (59.4%) | 44 (74.6%) | 22 (95.7%) | |
| Mean AFP level in patients with an abnormal value (ng/mL)** | 4,762.4± 14,999 | 49,595±209,302 | 146,437±197,517 | .023 |
| HBeAg status* | .017 | |||
| Positive | 21 (34.4%) | 9 (14.3%) | 7 (35%) | |
| Negative | 40 (65.6%) | 54 (85.7%) | 13 (65%) | |
| Cirrhosis* | .276 | |||
| Yes | 48 (75%) | 42 (64.6%) | 19 (79.2%) | |
| No | 16 (25%) | 23 (35.4%) | 5 (20.8%) | |
| Child-Pugh score* | .07 | |||
| A | 49 (76.6%) | 42 (64.6%) | 11 (45.8%) | |
| B | 13 (20.3%) | 19 (29.2%) | 10(41.7%) | |
| C | 2(3.1%) | 4 (6.2%) | 3 (12.5%) | |
| Treatments*† | <.001 | |||
| LT and LT + other‡ | 11 (17.2%) | 5 (7.7%) | 0 (0%) | |
| Resection and resection + other¶ | 19 (29.7%) | 11 (16.9%) | 0 (0%) | |
| Locoregional treatment alone§ | 23 (35.9%) | 15(23.1%) | 2 (8.3%) | |
| Chemotherapy alone | 0 (0%) | 10(15.4%) | 2 (8.3%) | |
| Supportive treatment | 11 (17.2%) | 24 (38.9%) | 20 (83.3%) | |
| Survival | ||||
| At 1 year | 83.50% | 54.70% | 0% | |
| At 2 years | 65.60% | 26.60% | 0% | |
| At 3 years | 53.90% | 20.00% | 0% | |
| Median survival (months) | 40 | 14 | 1.68 | <.001 |
*Total number of patients.
**Mean±standard deviation.
†In patients who received LT, resection, and locoregional therapies.
‡Any pre-LT treatment including resection, radiofrequency ablation, percutaneous ethanol injection, transcatheter arterial chemoembolization, or chemotherapy.
¶Any pre—liver resection treatment including radiofrequency ablation, percutaneous ethanol injection, transcatheter arterial chemoembolization, or chemotherapy.
§Single treatment or a combination of locoregional treatments including transcatheter arterial chemoembolization, radiofrequency ablation, and/or percutaneous ethanol injection.
AFP=alpha-fetoprotein; ALT=alanine aminotransferase; AST=aspartate aminotransferase; HBeAg=hepatitis B e antigen; HBV=hepatitis B virus; LT=liver transplantation.