Table 4.
Univariate and Multivariate Analyses of Factors Associated with Mortality
| Hazard ratio | 95% confidence interval | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Univariate analysis | |||
| Age* | 0.99 | 0.98-1.01 | .246 |
| Sex (male vs female) | 1.49 | 0.92-2.42 | .107 |
| Symptoms at presentation | 2.24 | 1.56-3.22 | <.001 |
| HBeAg status | 1.19 | 0.80-1.77 | .384 |
| Albumin level (g/dL)** | 1.56 | 1.31-1.85 | <.001 |
| HBV DNA level (copies/mL) | 1.10 | 0.91-1.32 | .338 |
| Total bilirubin level (mg/dL)† | 1.85 | 1.55-2.19 | <.001 |
| Alkaline phosphatase level (U/L)† | 1.53 | 1.28-1.83 | <.001 |
| AST level (U/L)† | 2.22 | 1.84-2.67 | <.001 |
| ALT level (U/L)† | 1.55 | 1.30-1.86 | <.001 |
| Platelet count (x10,000/mm3)† | 1.13 | 0.92-1.39 | .252 |
| Creatinine level (mg/dL)† | 1.29 | 1.07-1.56 | .008 |
| AFP level (ng/mL)† | 1.80 | 1.51-2.16 | <.001 |
| AFP above upper limit of normal (>10 ng/mL) | 2.41 | 1.57-3.70 | <.001 |
| Cirrhosis | 1.22 | 0.83-1.79 | .312 |
| Surveillance | 0.57 | 0.40-0.83 | .003 |
| Beyond versus within Milan criteria | 2.44 | 1.62-3.67 | <.001 |
| Diffuse tumor versus within Milan criteria | 16.77 | 9.08-30.96 | <.001 |
| HCC treatment‡ | |||
| LT | 0.27 | 0.13-0.54 | <.001 |
| Resection | 0.40 | 0.25-0.64 | <.001 |
| RFA | 0.24 | 0.13-0.47 | <.001 |
| TACE | 0.57 | 0.38-0.84 | .004 |
| Chemotherapy | 0.86 | 0.56-1.30 | .466 |
| Supportive therapy | 6.62 | 4.47-9.79 | <.001 |
| Multivariate analysis | |||
| Sex (male vs female) | 1.45 | 0.90-2.64 | .112 |
| Albumin level (g/dL)** | 1.40 | 1.15-1.72 | .001 |
| ALT level (U/L)† | 1.16 | 0.095-1.41 | .148 |
| AFP level (ng/mL)† | 1.38 | 1.13-1.67 | .001 |
| Beyond versus within Milan criteria | 2.02 | 1.26-3.23 | .005 |
| Diffuse tumor versus within Milan criteria | 6.30 | 3.14-12.66 | <.001 |
| HCC treatment | |||
| LT versus resection | 0.38 | 0.17-0.87 | .022 |
| LT versus RFA | 0.83 | 0.25-2.80 | .765 |
| LT versus TACE | 0.28 | 0.12-0.64 | .002 |
| LT versus chemotherapy | 0.18 | 0.07-0.46 | <.001 |
| LT versus supportive therapy | 0.08 | 0.03-0.18 | <.001 |
*Per 1 year increase.
**Per 1 standard deviation decrease.
†Per log 1 standard deviation increase.
‡Compared to other treatments.
AFP=alpha-fetoprotein; ALT=alanine aminotransferase; AST=aspartate aminotransferase; HBeAg=hepatitis B e antigen; HBV=hepatitis B virus; HCC=hepatocellular carcinoma; LT=liver transplantation; RFA=radiofrequency ablation; TACE=transcatheter arterial chemoembolization.