Table 2.

Effect of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) on isolated cells

Cells	Inducer/Inhibitors	Effect on MMPs	References
Cardiac Fibroblasts	Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines	↑ MMPs-1, -3, and -9	56
	TGF-β1	↑ MMP-2 and MMP-14	61
	Type I collagen lattice	↑ MMP-2, MMP-14, TIMP-2	66
	IGF-1	↑ MMPs 1, -2, -8, and -9	68
Human Cardiac Fibroblasts	TNF-α,	↑ MMP-1, -8, -3, -7 and -9	57, 64
Neutrophils	Post-ischemic cardiac lymph	↑ MMP-9	70
	PFA/LPS/PMA	MMP-8 translocation	72
	TNF-α and IL-8	↑ MMP-9	73-75
	Adenosine	↓ MMP-9	73-75
Human Neutrophils	TNF-α/LPS/PAF	↑ MMP -9	57, 64
Macrophages	PMA	↑ MMP-1 and MMP-3	78
	IFN-γ	↑ MMP-1 and MMP-3	78
Human Macrophages	IFN-γ/LPS	↑ MMP-1, -3, -7, -10, -12, -14 and -25, ↓ TIMP-3	77
	IL-4	↑ MMP -11, -12, -25 and TIMP-3, ↓ MMP-2, -8 and -19	77
	NF-κB	↑ MMP-1 and -3	79

IFN-γ – interferon-γ; IGF-1 – insulin-like growth factor-1; IL – interleukin; LPS - lipopolysaccharide; NF-κB - nuclear factor kappa B; PAF – platelet activating factor; PMA – phorbol myristate acetate; TGF-β₁ - transforming growth factor-β₁; TNF-α - tumor necrosis factor-α; TIMP - tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase