Table 1.
Distributions of characteristics of cases and controls
| Variable | BE cases (n = 236) |
Primary-care controls (n = 447) |
P valuea |
|---|---|---|---|
| n (%) | n (%) | ||
| Demographics | |||
| Mean age, year (s.d.) | 61.8 (7.1) | 62.1 (6.7) | 0.58 |
| Male | 229 (97.0) | 431 (96.4) | 0.67 |
| White | 205 (86.9) | 247 (55.3) | <0.001 |
| Education | |||
| School only | 105 (44.5) | 203 (45.4) | 0.83 |
| Technical college/diploma | 82 (34.7) | 156 (34.9) | |
| University | 47 (19.9) | 81 (18.1) | |
| Missing | 2 (0.9) | 7 (1.6) | |
| BMI | |||
| Mean (s.d.) | 30.3 (5.5) | 30.8 (6.3) | 0.99 |
| <25.0 | 37 (15.7) | 71 (15.9) | |
| 25.0–29.9 | 82 (34.7) | 155 (34.7) | |
| ≥30 | 117 (49.6) | 221 (49.4) | |
| Cumulative smoking exposure | |||
| Never smoker | 54 (22.9) | 111 (24.8) | 0.26 |
| 0–29.9 pack-years | 89 (37.7) | 188 (42.1) | |
| ≥30 pack-years | 93 (39.4) | 148 (33.1) | |
| Alcohol-drinking status | |||
| Nondrinker | 18 (7.6) | 29 (6.5) | 0.70 |
| Ex-drinker | 88 (37.3) | 163 (36.5) | |
| Current drinker | 130 (55.1) | 253 (56.6) | |
| Missing | 0 (0.0) | 2 (0.4) | |
| Helicobacter pylori status | |||
| Negative | 189 (80.1) | 283 (63.3) | <0.001 |
| Positive | 41 (17.4) | 151 (33.8) | |
| Missing | 6 (2.5) | 13 (2.9) | |
| Medications | |||
| Ever used PPIs | 171 (72.5) | 99 (22.2) | <0.001 |
| Ever used H2RA | 22 (9.3) | 26 (5.8) | 0.09 |
| Aspirin or NSAIDs in the last year | 145 (61.4) | 280 (62.6) | 0.76 |
BE, Barrett’s esophagus; BMI, body mass index; H2RA, H2-receptor antagonist; NSAID, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug; PPI, proton pump inhibitor; s.d., standard deviation.
a
P values were for the comparison between cases and controls and were obtained using Student’s t-test for continuous variables and χ2-tests for categorical variables.