Fig. 2.

Effect of GSP, MET and both on the activation of AMPK. Lane 1: CON, Lane 2: HFFD, Lane 3: HFFD + GSP, Lane 4: HFFD + MET, Lane 5: HFFD + GSP + MET, Lane 6: CON + GSP. Immunoblot and representative graph of AMPK phosphorylation show that GSP weakly induces AMPK activation compared to MET, suggesting that GSP may not be a direct activator. The marked increase in AMPK phosphorylation in the combination treatment may be due to the presence of MET. For quantitative assessment, the band intensity was measured in a densitometer and normalized with total protein and expressed as fold change with respect to control. The changes relative to control are represented in the bar diagram. Data shown are means ± S.D of four experiments. a = values significantly different from CON; b = values significantly different from HFFD; c = values significantly different from HFFD + GSP; d = values significantly different from HFFD + MET; e = values significantly different from HFFD + GSP + MET; f = values significantly different from CON + GSP. [One way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni test for multiple comparisons. Value that has p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant]