. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Apr 2.

Published in final edited form as: Memory. 2007 Jul;15(5):536–547. doi: 10.1080/09658210701332679

Table 2.

Means and ANOVA for Differences in Memory Variables across Countries

	Country			F (2, 147)
	Japan	Turkey	U.S.A.
Variable	Mean (SD)	Mean (SD)	Mean (SD)
Recollection and Belief
Reliving	4.27 (0.97)^a	4.59 (0.77)^a,b	4.83 (0.80)^b	5.52^**
Back in Time	4.18 (1.07)^a	4.54 (0.81)^a,b	4.85 (1.09)^b	5.70^**
Remember/Know	4.37 (0.85)^a	4.94 (0.72)^b	5.69 (0.65)^c	39.55^***
Real/Imagine	6.19 (0.78)^a	6.01 (0.73)^a,b	5.75 (0.72)^b	4.34^*
Component Processes
See	4.83 (0.77)^a	4.84 (0.77)^a	5.37 (0.72)^b	8.57^***
Setting	4.80 (0.80)^a	5.45 (0.80)^b	5.85 (0.75)^c	22.72^***
Hear	3.50 (0.96)^a	4.35 (0.80)^b	4.23 (0.96)^b	12.90^***
Talk	3.55 (0.84)^a	4.10 (0.88)^b	4.34 (0.87)^b	10.95^***
In Words	3.21 (1.14)^a	3.75 (0.79)^b	3.43 (1.36)^a,b	2.99
Story	3.52 (1.03)^a	4.20 (0.83)^b	4.49 (1.06)^b	13.05^***
Emotions	4.07 (0.85)^a	4.41 (0.86)^a,b	4.65 (0.91)^b	5.47^**
Reported Properties of Events or Memories
Importance	3.14 (0.84)^a,b	2.98 (1.04)^a	3.51 (0.88)^b	4.20^*
Rehearse	3.50 (1.04)^a	2.99 (0.73)^b	3.41 (0.81)^a	4.83^**
Once/Many	0.61 (0.16)^a	0.71 (0.18)^b	0.69 (0.15)^b	5.60^**
Merge/Extend	1.42 (0.26)^a	1.54 (0.30)^a	1.43 (0.27)^a	2.53
Age of Memory¹	1943 (743)^a	1902 (899)^a	1565 (779)^a	3.28^*

Means with different superscripts are different at p < .05 by a Tukey's test.

^**

^***

001

Age of Memory is the reported time between the event and recall in days