[Table/Fig-5]:

Landmarks and reference planes

Landmarks and reference planes
Nasion	(N)
Sella	(S)
Orbitale	(Or)
Porion	(Po)
Anterior nasal spine	(ANS)
Posterior nasal spine	(PNS)
Pterygoid point	(Pt point)
Upper incisor edge	(U1E)
Upper incisor root apex	(U1A)
Center of Max. 1st molar crown on occlusal surface	(U6C)
Most mesial point of mesial surface of Max. 1st molar crown	(U6M)
Mesiobuccal root apex of Max. 1st molar	(U6A)
Vertical reference plane through Pt point (tangent to palatal plane)	(PTV)