Table 1. Selected characteristics of study subjects.

Characteristic	Cases (n=102)	Controls (n=85)	Pa
Categorical variables, n (%)
FI in the pancreas≥20%	64 (62.7)	30 (35.2)	<0.001
Male	60 (58.8)	60 (70.5)	0.12
Ever smoking	53 (51.9)	42 (49.4)	0.77
Frequent drinking (5–7 times/week)	34 (33.3)	31 (36.9)	0.85
DM	30 (29.4)	14 (16.4)	0.03
Hypertension	36 (35.2)	27 (31.7)	0.64
Hyperlipidemia	7 (6.8)	10 (11.7)	0.30
Family history of PC	11 (10.7)	1 (1.1)	0.007
Continuous variables, median (IQR)
FI in the pancreas, %	25.8 (14.2–40.9)	15.0 (7.7–24.8)	<0.001
Age, years	63.5 (56–69)	68.0 (63–73)	0.001
BMI, kg/m2	22.4 (20.3–24.3)	22.7 (20.7–24.2)	0.95
Blood sugar, mg/dl	114.0 (100–141)	106.0 (93–119)	0.002
HbA1c, %	5.5 (5.1–6.4)	5.1 (4.7–5.5)	<0.001
TC, mg/dl	189.0 (162–221)	195.0 (169–227)	0.31
HDL, mg/dl	52.0 (43–62)	52.0 (42–67)	0.47
TG, mg/dl	149.0 (109–209)	155.0 (117–210)	0.38
Apo A-II, μg/ml	219.3 (136.7–397.5)	327.3 (174.0–444.4)	0.02
Adiponectin, μg/ml	5.4 (3.0–9.6)	6.3 (3.2–12.3)	0.37
Leptin, ng/ml	3.2 (2.2–4.6)	3.1 (2.4–3.8)	0.57
Insulin, mU/l	3.5 (2.5–5.8)	3.7 (2.8–6.4)	0.41
IGF-I, ng/ml	69.7 (53.2–93.5)	74.1 (54.4–96.4)	0.69
Amylase, IU/l	107.0 (75–182)	105.0 (83–141)	0.55
CEA, ng/ml	2.6 (1.6–4.1)	2.0 (1.3–3.4)	0.04
CA19-9, U/ml	96.0 (46–400)	30.0 (16–121)	<0.001
SAA, μg/ml	22.1 (8.93–54.3)	35.8 (12.7–89.8)	0.06
GGT, ng/ml	105.0 (33–311)	339.0 (101–673)	<0.001

Apo A-II, apolipoprotein A-II; BMI, body mass index; DM, diabetes mellitus; FI, fatty infiltration; GGT, gamma-glutamyltransferase; HDL, high density lipoprotein; IGF-I, insulin growth factor-I; IQR, interquartile range; PC, pancreatic cancer; SAA, serum amyloid A; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglyceride.

^aBased on the Fisher's exact test for percentage difference and the Wilcoxon rank-sum test for median difference.