Neural activation to backward-masked cocaine (vs neutral) cues in baclofen- and placebo-treated cocaine-dependent men. A, Baclofen-treated compared with placebo-treated participants demonstrated significantly less neural activation in a large interconnected cluster bilaterally spanning the ventral striatum, ventral pallidum, amygdala, midbrain, and orbitofrontal cortex (voxel threshold p < 0.005; cluster corrected at p < 0.05). The image on the left shows the significant cluster of reduced activation rendered in 3D (crosshairs are centered on the left ventral striatum. S, Superior; I, inferior; A, anterior; R, right; L, left). Cross-sectional coronal and axial images of ventral striatum, amygdala, and midbrain are displayed on the right. B, Placebo-treated participants demonstrated increased neural activation in response to cocaine (vs neutral) cues in the ventral striatum, ventral pallidum, amygdala, and orbitofrontal cortex (left); neural activation to cocaine cues was absent in baclofen-treated participants (right; data displayed at p < 0.01, k > 10, uncorrected). For cross-sectional images, data are displayed neurologically (left is left) and the color bars represent T values.