Table 3.
Characteristics by mother, perinatal care, neonates, and associated perinatal mortality
| Categories | Total deliveries (%total) | Total perinatal deaths (perinatal mortality rate) | Odds ratio (95% CI) | GEE model Odds ratio (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maternal characteristics | ||||
| Maternal age, y | 8230 | |||
| <25 | 4043 (49.1) | 265 (65.5) | 1.0 | |
| 25–35 a | 3002 (36.5) | 182 (60.6) | 0.92 (0.70–1.22) | |
| >35 | 1185 (14.4) | 79 (66.7) | 1.02 (0.70–1.48) | |
| Educational status | 8230 | |||
| No formal education | 5,263 (63.9) | 375 (71.3) | 1.43 (1.08–1.89) | 1.32 (1.01–1.73) |
| Any formal education a | 2,967 (36.1) | 151 (50.9) | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Presence of partner | 8230 | |||
| Single | 90 ( 1.1) | 16 (177.8) | 3.23 (1.48–7.08) | 3.35 (1.67–6.72) |
| Married/cohabiting | 8140 (98.9) | 510 (62.7) | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Parity | 8230 | |||
| 0 | 1842 (22.4) | 142 (77.1) | 1.32 (0.97–1.79) | |
| 1–3 a | 4020 (48.8) | 240 (59.7) | 1.0 | |
| >3 | 2368 (28.8) | 144 (60.8) | 1.02 (0.75–1.38) | |
| Number of children | 8230 | |||
| 0 | 2352 (28.6) | 201 (85.5) | 1.55 (1.18–2.05) | NS |
| 1–3 a | 4321 (52.5) | 245 (56.7) | 1.0 | |
| >3 | 1557 (18.9) | 80 (51.4) | 0.90 (0.62–1.31) | |
| Prenatal care | 8230 | |||
| No prenatal care | 388 (4.7) | 57 (146.9) | 2.71 (1.77–4.13) | 1.89 (1.40–2.56) |
| One visit or more a | 7842 (95.3) | 469 (59.8) | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Birth attendant | 8230 | |||
| Physician a | 6 (0.1) | 2 (33.3) | 1.0 | |
| Nurse/midwife | 1781 (21.6) | 150 (84.2) | 0.18 (0.02–2.11) | |
| TBA/family/unattended | 6443 (78.3) | 374 (58.0) | 0.12 (0.01–1.40) | |
| Delivery location | 8230 | |||
| Home/other | 6105 (74.2) | 347 (56.8) | 0.66 (0.50–0.86) | NS |
| Clinic/hospital a | 2125 (25.8) | 179 (84.2) | 1.0 | |
| Infant characteristics | ||||
| Sex | 8213 | |||
| Male | 4260 (51.9) | 307 (72.1) | 1.33 (1.03–1.72) | 1.69 (1.21–2.37) |
| Female a | 3953 (48.1) | 218 (55.1) | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Gestational age, wk | 8213 | |||
| <37 weeks | 302 (3.7) | 223 (738.4) | 71.12 (47.57–106.33) | 19.55 (10.27–37.23) |
| >37 weeks a | 7911 (96.3) | 302 (38.2) | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Birth weight, g | 8192 | |||
| 500–1499 | 124 (1.5) | 110 (887.1) | 229.57 (101.47–519.36) | 20.29 (9.20–44.75) |
| 1500–2499 | 846 (10.3) | 161 (190.3) | 6.87 (5.05–9.33) | 2.85 (1.85–4.41) |
| ≥2500 | 7222 (88.2) | 239 (33.1) | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Multiple births | 8230 | |||
| Yes | 293 (3.6) | 52 (177.5) | 3.40 (2.17–5.32) | NS |
| No | 7937 (96.4) | 474 (59.7) | 1.0 | |
Abbreviations: NS, not significant; GEE, generalized estimation model.