Table 6.
Characteristics by mother, perinatal care, neonates, and associated early neonatal deaths
| Categories | Live born births (%Total) | Total number of early neonatal deaths (early neonatal mortality rate) | Odds ratio (95% CI) | GEE Model Odds ratio (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maternal characteristics | ||||
| Maternal age, y | 7959 | |||
| <25 | 3906 (49.1) | 128 (32.8) | 1.0 | |
| 25–35 a | 2907 (36.5) | 87 (30.0) | 0.91 (0.58–1.43) | |
| >35 | 1146 (14.4) | 40 (35.0) | 1.07 (0.59–1.93) | |
| Education status | 7959 | |||
| No formal education | 5067 (63.7) | 179 (35.4) | 1.36 (0.87–2.12) | |
| Any formal education a | 2892 (36.3) | 76 (26.3) | 1.0 | |
| Presence of partner | 7,959 | |||
| Single | 81 (1.0) | 7 (86.4) | 2.90 (0.81–10.45) | |
| Married/cohabiting | 7878 (99.0) | 248 (31.5) | 1.0 | |
| Number of pregnancies | 7959 | |||
| 0 | 1773 (22.3) | 73 (41.2) | 1.30 (0.80–2.10) | |
| 1–3 a | 3905 (49.1) | 125 (32.1) | 1.0 | |
| >3 | 2281 (28.7) | 57 (25.1) | 0.78 (0.46–1.30) | |
| Number of children | 7959 | |||
| 0 | 2251 (28.3) | 100 (44.5) | 1.52 (0.98–2.35) | |
| 1–3 a | 4201 (52.8) | 125 (29.8) | 1.0 | |
| >3 | 1507 (18.9) | 30 (20.0) | 0.66 (0.34–1.28) | |
| Prenatal care | 7959 | |||
| No prenatal care | 355 (4.5) | 24 (67.8) | 2.32 (1.14–4.70) | 2.27 (1.42–3.62) |
| One visit or more a | 7604 (95.5) | 231 (30.4) | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Birth attendant | 7959 | |||
| Physician/nurse/midwife | 1709 (21.5) | 74 (43.4) | 1.0 | |
| TBA/family/unattended | 6250 (78.5) | 181 (29.0) | 0.66 (0.42–1.03) | |
| Delivery location | 7959 | |||
| Home/other | 5927 (74.5) | 169 (28.6) | 0.66 (0.43–1.02) | |
| Clinic/hospital a | 2032 (25.5) | 86 (42.4) | 1.0 | |
| Infant characteristics | ||||
| Sex | 7942 | |||
| Male | 4099 (51.6) | 146 (35.7) | 1.28 (0.85–1.93) | |
| Female a | 3843 (48.4) | 108 (28.1) | 1.0 | |
| Gestational age, wk | 7,942 | |||
| <37 | 185 (2.3) | 106 (573.0) | 68.84 (39.96–118.58) | 22.93 (10.15– 51.83) |
| >37 a | 7757 (97.7) | 148 (19.1) | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Birth weight, g | 7932 | |||
| 500–1499 | 58 (0.7) | 44 (758.6) | 182.50 (65.58–507.85) | 13.37 (4.55–39.29) |
| 1500–2499 | 771 (9.7) | 86 (111.7) | 7.30 (4.57–11.67) | 2.76 (1.37–5.57) |
| ≥2500 | 7103 (89.5) | 120 (16.9) | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Multiple births | 7959 | |||
| Yes | 277 (3.5) | 36 (130.0) | 5.08 (2.76–9.36) | |
| No | 7682 (96.5) | 219 (28.6) | 1.0 | |
Abbreviations: GEE, generalized estimation model.