Table 3. M-cell-binding ligands and M-cell-specific molecules (modified from reference 60).
| Ligand | Receptors on M cells | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| UEA-1 | α1,2 Fucose | 56 |
| AAL | α-L-Fucose | 57 |
| Galectin-9 | N-Glycans/repeated oligosaccharide | 58 |
| Peptide Co1 (SFHQLPARSPLP) | C5aR | 59 |
| Antibody NKM 16-2-4 | α1,2 Fucose-containing carbohydrate | 54 |
| Antibody LM112 | Sialyl Lewis A | 60 |
| Antibody 3G7-H9 | Glycoprotein 2 | 61 |
| σ1 protein (reovirus) | α2,3 Sialic acid | 62 |
| Invasion (Yersinia) | β1 Integrin | 63 |
| Long polar fimbriae (E. coli, Salmonella) | Unknown | 60 |
| FimH (E. coli, Salmonella) | Glycoprotein 2/uromodulin | 50 |
| OmpH (Yersinia) | C5aR | 59 |
| LPS | TLR-4 | 64 |
| Lipoteichoic acid | TLR-2 | 65 |
| Phosphorylcholine moiety of LPS | PAFR | 66 |
| Hsp60 of Brucella abortus | Cellular prion protein | 67 |
| Lipid A domain of LPS (Gram-negative bacteria) | AnxA5 | 68 |
| Bacterial peptidoglycan | PGLYRP-1 | 69 |
| SIgA | Unknown | 70 |
| c-Term domain of enterotoxin (Clostridium perfringens) | Claudin 4 | 71 |
Abbreviations: ALL, Aleuria auranitia; AnxA5, Annexin A5; PAFR, platelet-activating factor receptor; PGLYRP-1, peptidoglycan recognition protein-1; TLR, Toll-like receptor; UEA-1, Ulex europaeus 1.