Table 1.
The increasing incidence and prevalence of nontuberculous mycobacteria isolates is reported from all over the world
| Region | Country | Main NTM Species | Trend in Incidence/Prevalence | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Europe | United Kingdom (31) | MAC (43%) | 0.9 per 100,000 (1995) to 2.9 per 100,000 (2006) (Incidence) | It was not possible to assess the clinical significance of these isolates as there was little associated clinical information available |
| M. malmoense (14%) | ||||
| M. kansasii (13%) | ||||
| America | Canada (32) | MAC (59%) | 9.1 per 100,000 (1997) to 14.1 per 100,000 (2003) (Prevalence) | The association between NTM isolates and disease was not clarified |
| M. xenopi (26%) | ||||
| M. abscessus complex, M. chelonae, and M. fortuitum (13%) | ||||
| M. kansasii (2%) | ||||
| United States (33) | MAC (79–86%) | 1.4 per 100,000 (2004) to 6.6 per 100,000 (2006) (Prevalence) | Study across four different U.S. states | |
| M. abscessus complex, M. chelonae, and M. fortuitum (5–19%) | ||||
| Asia (34) | Japan (35) | MAC M. kansasii | 2.5 per 100,000 (2005) to 5.9 per 100,000 (2007) (Prevalence) | |
| South Korea (36) | MAC (65%), M. abscessus complex, M. chelonae, and M. fortuitum (19%) | Absolute number of isolates increasing but no data on incidence/prevalence | ||
| Taiwan (37) | MAC (35%), M. abscessus complex (21%) | 6.67 per 100,000 (2005) to 9.28 per 100,000 (2008) (Incidence) | Highest incidence recorded | |
| Oman (38) | MAC | 7.6% (2006) to 10.9% (2007) | “Isolation prevalence” data | |
| Australia | Queensland (39) | MAC (72%), M. kansasii (8%) | 2.2 (1999) to 3.2 (2005) (Incidence) | Authors noted that true number of cases may be an underestimate, and the real prevalence may be much higher |
| Africa | Zambia (40) | MAC | 17% of Patients with active tuberculosis | Only 2% were considered to have NTM disease |
Definition of abbreviations: M. = Mycobacterium; MAC = Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex.