Table 3.
Mean Health Utility Score by Race and Gender on Three Health Utility Indexes as a Function of Everyday Discrimination Score.a,b
Blacks & Whites | Black Men | Black Women | White Men | White Women | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Everyday Discrimination Score | mean (95% CI) | mean (95% CI) | mean (95% CI) | mean (95% CI) | mean (95% CI) | |||||
| ||||||||||
Health utility measured by EQ-5D | ||||||||||
| ||||||||||
0–4 | 0.88 (0.87, 0.89) | 0.89 (0.86, 0.92) | 0.85 (0.80, 0.90) | 0.88 (0.87, 0.90) | 0.88 (0.87, 0.89) | |||||
5–9 | 0.87 (0.86, 0.88) | 0.88 (0.85, 0.91) | 0.85 (0.82, 0.88) | 0.88 (0.87, 0.90) | 0.87 (0.85, 0.88) | |||||
10–25 | 0.83 (0.80, 0.86) | 0.89 (0.83, 0.94) | 0.74 (0.69, 0.79) | 0.83 (0.79, 0.87) | 0.84 (0.80, 0.89) | |||||
| ||||||||||
Test for trend | p<0.001 | p=0.23 | p=0.01 | p=0.09 | p<0.001 | |||||
| ||||||||||
Health utility measured by HUI3 | ||||||||||
| ||||||||||
0–4 | 0.83 (0.81, 0.84) | 0.88 (0.85, 0.92) | 0.76 (0.68, 0.84) | 0.83 (0.80, 0.85) | 0.83 (0.81, 0.84) | |||||
5–9 | 0.79 (0.77, 0.81) | 0.82 (0.77, 0.87) | 0.78 (0.72, 0.84) | 0.81 (0.78, 0.84) | 0.78 (0.75, 0.81) | |||||
10–25 | 0.72 (0.67, 0.77) | 0.84 (0.73, 0.96) | 0.58 (0.49, 0.66) | 0.72 (0.65, 0.79) | 0.71 (0.62, 0.80) | |||||
| ||||||||||
Test for trend | p<0.001 | p=0.25 | p=0.02 | p=0.02 | p<0.001 | |||||
| ||||||||||
Health utility measured by SF-6D | ||||||||||
| ||||||||||
0–4 | 0.80 (0.80, 0.81) | 0.83 (0.81, 0.86) | 0.79 (0.74, 0.83) | 0.81 (0.80, 0.82) | 0.80 (0.78, 0.81) | |||||
5–9 | 0.78 (0.76, 0.79) | 0.83 (0.80, 0.85) | 0.78 (0.75, 0.81) | 0.79 (0.77, 0.80) | 0.76 (0.75, 0.78) | |||||
10–25 | 0.74 (0.72, 0.77) | 0.79 (0.73, 0.84) | 0.68 (0.63, 0.72) | 0.74 (0.71, 0.77) | 0.75 (0.71, 0.79) | |||||
| ||||||||||
Test for trend | p<0.001 | p=0.17 | p=0.002 | p<0.001 | p<0.001 |
Weighted least-squares (WLS) multivariable regression was used to compute mean health utility scores adjusted for age, income, education, and chronic diseases within race-by gender groups stratified by discrimination scale scores;
Tests for trend were computed using aforementioned WLS regression models refitted within the four gender-by-race groups (not stratified by discrimination scores); CI = confidence interval