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. 2014 Jan 9;42(6):3792–3802. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkt1354

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© The Author(s) 2014. Published by Oxford University Press.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Figure 3. — DNA damage response triggered by NiP occurred at telomeres. (a) MCF-7 cells expressing TRF2^ΔBΔM or treated with NiM or NiP for 24 h were fixed and processed for immunofluorescence using antibodies against γ-H2AX(red)/TRF1(green) or 53BP1(green)/TRF1(red), respectively. Representative confocal images were shown. (b) TIF index, defined as foci of DNA damage response factors that coincided with TRF1, was calculated as the percentage of TIF-positive cells in MCF-7 cells expressing TRF2^ΔBΔM or treated with NiM or NiP. Cells with four or more γ-H2AX/TRF1or 53BP1/TRF1 foci were scored as TIF positive. The mean of three independent experiments was reported. Error bars indicate SD. (c) Average number of TIFs per nucleus in MCF-7 cells expressing TRF2^ΔBΔM or treated with NiM or NiP. The mean of three independent experiments with comparable results was shown. Error bars indicated SD.