Figure 4.
Ectopic NIR stabilizes MDM2 and inhibits MDM2 ubiquitination. (A) NIR causes MDM2 levels to increase independently of p53. H1299 cells were transfected with plasmids producing Flag-NIR (4 µg) and MDM2 (4 µg), and 24 h after transfection, total protein and RNA were extracted. The levels of gapdh and MDM2 transcripts were determined by semi-quantitative RT-PCR (upper panels). Proteins were detected by western blotting and incubation with anti-Flag monoclonal antibody (1:10 000), monoclonal MDM2 antibodies 3G9 (1:2000) or IF2 (1:200), or β-actin antibody (1:10 000). (B) Flag-NIR increases MDM2 levels in U2OS and H1299 cells in a dose-dependent manner. U2OS and H1299 cultures were transfected with plasmids expressing Flag-NIR (0.5, 1.5 or 3.0 µg) and MDM2 (2 µg) as indicated. At 30 h after transfection, total protein was prepared and subjected to standard western blot analysis. Proteins were visualized as in (A), with antibody 3G9 for the detection of MDM2. (C) MDM2 has a longer half-life in the presence of Flag-NIR. H1299 cells were transfected with MDM2 plasmid (0.5 µg) and Flag-NIR plasmid (1.5 µg) as shown. At 24 h after transfection, de novo protein synthesis was blocked by cycloheximide (CHX; 20 µg/ml) for the indicated times (CHX chase) and the levels of MDM2 and Flag-NIR were analysed by western blotting as in (A). (D) Flag-NIR inhibits the ubiquitination of MDM2 in a dose-dependent manner. H1299 cells were transfected for 24 h with the indicated combinations of expression plasmids to produce MDM2 (3 µg), Flag-NIR (0.5, 1.5 or 3.0 µg) and HA-ubiquitin (3 µg), and were then treated with the proteasome inhibitor MG132 (10 µM) for another 4 h. MDM2 was immunoprecipitated with antibody 3G9 from denatured cell extracts. The slower migrating bands indicative of HA-ubiquitinated MDM2 were detected by western blotting with monoclonal anti-HA antibody (1:1000); the remaining signals were detected as in (A). TCL, total cell lysate. (E) Knockdown of endogenous NIR reduces MDM2 protein level. H1299 cells were transfected with control siRNA (c) or a 1:1 mixture of NIR siRNA1 and 2 (40 nM) for 42 h. Total protein extracts were analysed by western blotting with polyclonal anti-NIR antibody 2719 (1:1000), monoclonal MDM2 antibody 3G9 (1:2000) and monoclonal anti-tubulin antibody (1:1000).